Testing

What is the fullform of ISQTB & CSTE?? & wat is the criteria for this exam..wat qualification should one need to pass this exam??

2009-04-02T04:54:00.006-07:00

ISTQB: International Software Testing Qualification Board

CSTE :Certified Software Tester

In ISTQB,Two Types are there:

1)Foundation Level

2)Advanced Level
For Foundation Level:

i) Eligibility:The candidate should
atleast learn Software Testing basics.

For Advanced Level :

i)should have minimum 2 Testing experience
years

CSTE-certified software testing engineer April 22nd 2006

2009-04-02T04:54:00.005-07:00

Objective Questions:

1. Which communication skill will be neglected by most
a. Reading
b. Listening
c. Writing
2. Therapeutic listening is
a. Sympathetic listening
b. Listening to pieces of information…
3. Which model demonstrates relation between 2 or more parameters of effort, duration or resource?
a. Cost
b. Constraint
c. Function Point
4. In which model expertise can be used to estimate cost
a. Top-Down
b. Expert Judgment
c. Bottom-Up
5. Two objective questions on responsibility like who is responsible in issuing IT policy, work policy etc.
6. Fit for use is
a. Transcendent
b. Product Based
c. User Based
d. Value Based
7. Re-Use of data is done in which type of testing (Similar type 2 questions on retesting and regression testing)
a. Capture/Play back
b. System Testing
c. Regression Testing
d. Integration Testing
8. one question each on configuration management / Change Management / Version Control.
9. In Acceptance testing, which data is used.
a. Test Cases
b. Use Case
c. Test Plan
10. In four components of FIT, reliability is included in (Similar type 2 qs)
a. Data
b. People
c. Structure
d. Rules
11. Obligations of both contractual parties should be spelled out in
a. What is done
b. Who does it
c. When it is done
d. How it is done
12. Dates on which Obligations need to be filled out should be specified in
a. What is done
b. Who does it
c. When it is done
d. How it is done
13. Two questions on Internal Auditor and Internal Control responsibilities
14. One question on ERM model
15. One question on Control Frame Work Model
16. Two questions on CMM 5 levels of maturity (Like in which level controls are implemented).
Subjective Questions:
1. You gave the software for independent testers. You are responsible for Unit, Integration, System and Acceptance testing. Explain about each testing methods and tell which testing can be given to Independent Testing and Which for development team.
2. Tell about any 3 tools and vendor of the tools.
3. One question on Optimum testing.
4. You developed Risk Plan, Test Plan, Test Scripts. You are doing testing. At this point you got major requirements change. What changes are required to in-corporate these changes in your plan.
5. Explain about
Complexity Measures
Data Flow Analysis
Symbolic Execution
6. Acceptance Test Plan for “Inventory Control Software” contents and explanation.
7. What are CSFs. What are the CSFs that u ll look for in a contactor delivered software. Define them.
8. Security Vulnerabilities for e-comm application.
9. E-commerce project is newly developed in your organization. You are not able to test all types of Operating Systems and Browsers. Prepare mitigation plan.
10. Explain V-Model.
11. Reliability and maintainability are certain Quality factors given explicitly in the requirements. If so, list a few other QFs for a web based project and write the rationale for selecting the same.
12. 5 important things you consider for writing test plan, why do you think they are important.
13. The UI for a defect management tool.
14. Difference between Acceptance and System Testing.
15. Mention and write on a few techniques for the defect prevention - internal control testing.
16. 3 important issues for wireless technology.
17. One question on Pareto Charts - Like gave a scenario for no. of critical, minor and major bugs and no. of days to fix the bugs. Analyze the scenario.
18. What are important Quality factors that u will test for in a multiple workstation scenario that u will not do in a single work station scenario.
19. The contents of a system test report.
20. List 5 test metrics and explain how u can use them.
21. Which steps in a testing process are defect prone- explain why?
22. What according to you are the important docs that u would refer when u r testing a change that has been made in a project that has been released.(i.e. operational)
23. What do u mean by defect expectation. How can u use it for improving the testing process.
24. Mention three techniques for unit testing. State an objective for unit testing, Based on those, how will ensure that the unit testing has complied to the expectations.
25. Steps involved in testing for security.
26. What are the important things that u ll look for during a demo of a contractor software.

27. How do u use control charts for controlling the testing process. Explain control charts.
28. If the code to be delivered will be delivered after a week but no change in release date, how will you as test manager plan yr test. (a question that has appeared in lot of previous question papers. the phrasing is wrong here. but the same)
29. As a test manager - test skill set relates question.

CSTE-certified software testing engineer Sept 16th 2006

2009-04-02T04:54:00.004-07:00

Part 1 - Objective – 50 Questions – 45 Min.
Part 2 - Subjective – 10 Questions – 75 Min.
Part 3 - Objective – 50 Questions – 45 Min.
Part 4 - Subjective – 10 Questions – 75 Min.

Objective Questions
1. As a general rule, __________ measures are much more important.
a. Subjective
b. Objective
2. If the measurement taken by the two people are same refers to the term as
a. Reliability
b. Validity
c. Calibration
d. Ease of Use and Simplicity
3. The term __________ refers the degree to which a measure actually measures what it was intended to measure.
a. Reliability
b. Validity
c. Calibration
d. Ease of Use and Simplicity
4. When basic quality aspects have been identified the “standards” should be defined by
a. IT Team
b. Project Manager
c. Quality Assurance personal
d. Management
e. Development Team
5. The “standards” for the software developed using new technology should be defined by
a. IT Team
b. Project Manager
c. Quality Assurance personal
d. Management
e. Development Team
6. If the COTS software developed by the contractor which is from the another country, then the following problem arises:
a. Cultural differences
b. Communication barriers
c. The two words having the same name in diff. countries
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
7. The ‘V’ represents the following term:
a. Verification and Validation
b. Static testing and Dynamic testing
c. Black box and White Box testing
d. Software development process and Software testing process
8. Test Readiness Review is conducted by the
a. Project Manager
b. Test Manager
c. Quality Assurance Personnel
d. User/Customer
9. Acceptance testing is the ________ type of testing
a. Black box testing
b. White box testing
c. Shoe box testing
d. Structural testing
10. __________ is not the White box testing technique.
a. Condition Coverage
b. Decision Coverage
c. Test script coverage
d. User specified Data coverage
e. All of the above
11. Event identification, Risk Response are the term defined in the ___internal control model
a. COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Model
b. COSO Internal Control Model
c. CobiT Model
12. A statistical technique to assess, monitor and maintain the stability of a process.
a. Pareto Chart
b. Control Chart
c. Run Chart
d. Cause and Effect Diagram
e. Histogram
13. Determination to continue with the software development or not is determined from the
a. Inspection
b. In-process Review
c. Phase end review
d. Don’t remember other options
14. The following is the component for the FIT
a. Data
b. Structure
c. People
d. Rule
e. All of the above
15. A major obstacle for deployment of wireless networks is in the
a. Standards
b. Coverage
c. Security
16. Hand-held and internet enabled devices are example of
a. Electronic equipment
b. Wireless Applications
c. Computer devices
17. Therapeutic listening is
a. Sympathetic listening
b. Listening to pieces of information…
c. Analyzing the listening of the speaker
18. Function point is a measure of
a. Effort
b. Complexity
c. Usability
d. Size
19. Acceptance Testing is the responsibility of the:
a. Programmer
b. Project Leader
c. Independent Tester
d. Assistance programmer
e. User
20. While deciding the Test tool the following factors should be considered
a. Testing for the next builds/releases after making changes
b. Testing where large volumes of data is required
c. Testing based on the UI interface
d. All of the above
b
a. Customer says the product is ready
b. Tester says the testing is completed
c. Don’t remember the other options
22. Auxiliary code which sets up an appropriate environment and calls the module is termed as
a. Driver
b. Function
c. Stub
d. None of the above

Subjective Questions:]

1. Define the guidelines that are helpful in developing compatibility and motivation of a Software project team.
2. Draw the Pareto chart and explain about it.
3. How do u use control charts for controlling the testing process. Explain control Charts with the diagram.
4. You gave the software for independent testers. You are responsible for Unit, Integration, System, Regression and Acceptance testing. Explain about each testing methods and tell which testing can be given to Independent Testing and Which for development team.
5. Define the Risk, Risk analysis, threat, vulnerability and Control.
6. Explain and diagram report which will be used for reporting uncorrected and corrected defects to the development team?
7. List 5 important things you consider for writing test plan, why do you think they are important.
8. List 5 important parts of an Acceptance test plan and briefly explain the importance of it to your customer.
9. Aspects of computer software that should be observed during the demonstration of COTS software?
Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) is a term for software or hardware products that are ready-made and available for sale, lease, or license to the general public. They are often used as alternatives to in-house developments or one-off government-funded developments. The use of COTS is being mandated across many government and business programs, as they may offer significant savings in procurement and maintenance. However, since COTS software specifications are written by external sources, government agencies are sometimes leery of these products because they fear that future changes to the product will not be in their control.
10. What are the product standards for a. Test Plan b. Test Script c. Test Report

CSTE-certified software testing engineer- JUNE 17th 2006

2009-04-02T04:54:00.003-07:00

Objective Questions:
1. A question on fit components. Which of the following contributes to fit.
a. Data b. Structure c. People d. Rule e. All of the above
2. Reliability, timeliness, consistency are included in which component of fit
a. Data b. Structure c. People d. Rule
3. Who will develop the test process for software development using new technology?
a. Management b. Project team c. Auditor d. Tester and few more options
4. Which of the following are relatively complete acceptance criteria?
a. Performance should increase b. Response time should be with in 10 sec Few more statements.
5. One question was on "Experienced people can be used as a tool for estimating the cost- Budgeting"
6. The communication type which is rarely emphasized
a. Listening Few more options...
7. There were 2 questions on maturity level e.g which level enforces control for technology.
8. There were 3 question on standard, policy and procedure.
9. Which of the following model has these steps .. event identification , risk assessment, risk response
a. ERM b. COSO internal control framework c. CobiT model
10. Utilize the computer resources to perform their work.. belong to which type of activity specified below
a. Interface b. Development c. Computer operation
11. Obligations of both contractual parties should be spelled out in detail in which part of the contract?
a. What b. Who c. When d. How
12. There was a question on "when the contracted software will be completed"
13. Test planning activity which includes starting and end time for each test milestone.
a. Budgeting b. Scheduling c. Estimation d. Staffing

Subjective Questions:
1. There are many factors like maintainability and reliability among softwares. Give 5 most important software quality factors that u would mention for testing a web based testing?
2. Create a Test plan for a simple project not a complex project?
3. Write a standard template for testplan, testscript, Status report of a project?
4. Design a screen which will show the fields necessary for a defect description? Diagram a defect reporting tool screen and label what all things you would need to mention to log a defect?
5. Question related to usecase like guidelines for writing usecase for customer?
6. Draw a control chart and explain how it can be used to see that the testing process is in control?
7. Difference between system test and acceptance test?
8. Aspects of computer software that should be observed during the demonstration of COTS software?
9. Define unit, integration, system, regression, acceptance testing and explain what would you recommend for the new independent test team formed. Previously in the organization, testing was being performed by software development team?
10. Explain any 4 factors for preventive controls?
11. Question on Security Testing technique. What tests you would include in the testplan for testing security with minimal knowledge about security testing?
12. Risks involved in testing wireless technology and how will u develop controls on it to gain confidence about the wireless technology used.
13. Give MEASUREMENTS for
a] Test Effectiveness and b] Test Efficiency
14. Your Company is about to roll out an E-Commerce application. It is not possible to test the application on all types of browsers on all platforms and operating systems. What steps would you take in the testing environment to reduce the business risks and commercial risks?
15. Developing compatibility and motivation with a test team helps assure effective testing. List at least four guidelines you would follow to develop compatibility and motivation within your test team?
16. In a development project Test planning, resource allocation , test scripting is also completed. Testing is being executed. At this stage if there is a major change in requirement, what will be the tester’s role here (actions in response to the changes) .- The question is already asked in one of the previous year papers .
17. There is a delay of 5 days in the development project. How will the tester handle the testing activities, without changing on resources, working time, …. - The question is already asked in one of the previous year papers.
18. Explanation on total number of defects found Vs defects corrected using Graph.
19. Explain and diagram report which will be used for reporting uncorrected and corrected defects to the development team?
20. one question on control chart

CSTE-certified software testing engineer-4

2009-04-02T04:54:00.002-07:00

CSTE Sept 17, 2005:
Objective Paper1:

Q1. Who defined the standards?
A) ISO
B) QAI
Ans. ISO
Q2. Juran is famous for
A) Quality Control
B) Management
Ans. Quality Control
Q3. Which one is not Statistical Tool?
A) Cause & effect Graphing
B) Stratification
C) Run Chart
D) Regression Analysis
Ans. Cause & effect Graphing
Q4. Histogram refers to
A) Bar Chart
B) Run Chart
C) Pareto
Ans. Bar Chart
Q5. Who are there in External IT TEAM?
A) Non Developer
B) Customer/ User
Q6. Which one is not Structural Testing?
A) Regression
B) Parallel
c) Acceptance
d) Stress
Ans. Acceptance
Q7. Who is not part of Inspection?
A) Prj Manager
B) Author
c) Moderator
d) Reader
e) Inspetor
Ans. Prj Manager
Q8. Tester job is not to
A) Report Defect
b) Who entered the defect in system
Ans. Who entered the defect in system
Q9. Which one is not secondary role of tester
A) Raising Issues
b) Instilling Confidence
c) cts improving process
d) Insight
e) developer work
Ans. developer work

Q10. Acceptance testing is
A) White Box
b) Black box
c) White box & black Box
d) none of the above
Ans. Black box

Q11. Deming 14 principle includes
A) mobility of mgmt
b) new philosphy
c) adobt leadership
d) both b& c
e) both a & c
Ans. both b& c

Q12 Configuration Management tool used in which phase.
A) Unit tetsing
b) Integration
c) accepting
d) all the phases
Ans. all the phases

Q13. Max Defects created in which phases
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. Req

Q14. 50% Defect found in which phase
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. req

Q15. defects are least costly in which phase
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. req

Some questions from Paper2 are below:

1) Software inspections categorize defects as Wrong, Missing and Extra.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE

2) The purpose of Risk Management in a project is to
A) Eliminate Risks
B) Minimize Risks
C) Avoid risks
D) Anticipate the risks

3) Testing of the system to demonstrate system compliance with user requirements is:
A) Black box testing
B) System testing
C) Independent testing
D) Acceptance Testing

4) Function point is a measure of
A) Effort
B) Complexity
C) Usability
D) None of the above

5) An activity that verifies compliance with policies and procedures and ensures that resources are conserved is
A) an inspection
B) an audit
C) a review
D) an assessment

6) Which is the application for the process management and quality improvement concepts to software development and maintenance.
A) Malcolm Baldridge
B) ISO 9000
C) QAI
D) QS14000

7) Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs?
A) 10-20
B) 30-60
C) 70-80

8) Software errors are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle?
A) Requirements
B) Construction
C) Acceptance test
D) Design

9) Which of the following test approaches is not a Functional test approach?
A) Control Technique
B) Stress Technique
C) Regression Technique
D) Cause/effect Graphing
E) Requirements

10) Effectiveness is doing things right and efficiency is doing the right things
A) True
B) False
11) Juran is famous for
A) Quality Control
B) Quality Assurance
C) Trend Analysis

12) Top down & Bottom Up are the part of Incremental Testing
A) True
B) False

13) Achieving quality requires:
A) Understanding the customers expectations
B) Exceeding the customers expectations
C) Meeting all the definitions of quality
D) Focusing on the customer
E.) All the above

14) Which is NOT the exit criteria for unit testing

Objective Paper3:

Q1. there is a application which is delivered to the customer now customer found bugs and assume each bug cost is $125 and there are 4 bugs found each day and there are 5 working day. What should be the cost to fix those bugs
A) $300
b) $25000
c) $ 15000
d) $ 13,000
e) $ 26,000
Ans $2500

Q2. Tester should know
A) Test planning
b) Automation tool
c) Defect tracking tool
d) programming language

Ans. Defect Tracking tool

Q3. Pareto Analysis
A) 80-20 rule
b) Trend analysis

Ans. 80-20 Rule

Q4. Testing efforts in SDLC
A) 10-20 %
b) 30-60%
c) 60-80%
d) 80-90%
Ans 30-60%

Q5. Critical Listening is
A) Listen analyses what speaker said
b) Listen what is required
c) Listen only summary
Ans. Listen analyses what speaker said

Q6. Who finds vulnuralibility in system?
A) ICO
b) ISS
c) It Manager
Ans. ICO

Q7. COQ is not
A) Production
b) Appraisal
c) Prevention
d) Failure
Ans. Production

Q8. Training come under what category cost of quality?
A) Appraisal
b) Preventive
c) Failure
d) none of the above
Ans. Preventive

Q9. Why testing is called negative
A) Easy
b) delay in implementation
c) No training reqd

Q10. Incremental testing is Top down & bottom Up testing
A)True B) false
Q11. Effectiveness is doing right thing & efficency is doing thing right
True/ false
Ans False
Q12. Which one is not part of DemindA) Plan
b) do
c) check
d) act
e) risk analysis
Ans. risk analysis

Q13. Defect fixed in which phase is lease cost
A) same phase
b) production
c) next phase
d) none
Ans. same phase

Q14. In White box testing test coverage is
a) Decision
b) Statement
c) branch
d) modified decision
e) user specified data coverage
Ans. Decision

Q15. Test Plan should not contain
A) Scope
b) Objective
c) Policy
d) Risk Analysis
Ans. policy

Q16. This question was on Test coverage?

Q17. Acceptance Testing is the responsibility of the:
A) Programmer
B) Project Leader
C) Independent Tester
D) Assistance programmer
E) User/Customer

Q18. Cost of Quality is least among
A) Prevention
B) Appraisal
C) Failure

Subjective Paper1: (Most of the subjective questions were from the back of CSTE book.)
1. Why we need to test the software.
2. Write the procedure for Test Plan, Test Script, Test Status Report.
3. You have to test the Web Application, what should be considered for the same.
4. Write test cases for the Data model & data field validation.
5. There is applications which can be accessible by one terminal & other by multiple terminals, write the points which won’t be considered for the Single terminal Application (Test factors)
6. Write the Test Strategy.
Subjective Paper 2:

1. Differentiate between Verification & validation. 15 marks
2. Define Test Efficiency & test Effectiveness. 15 marks
3. Your client would like to do Acceptance test on one of your projects but does not know to prepare a test plan for that. Describe the components that should be included in the test plan. 30 marks
4. You are the tester in the organization and organization thinks that the tester also introduce defects in the system, write the 5 such defects introduced by tester in the system. 15 marks
5. What is Over Testing? 15 marks
6. You have to do the Unit Testing of the system, define what is Unit testing and how it can be done, what are the types of it also how can you ensure that your application is compliance to the standards. 30 marks
7. Define Equivalence portioning, Boundary value Analysis and Error Guessing with examples. 15 marks
8. Your company is doing a project in automation of aircrafts and timing. You are asked to involve in the testing. What should be the testing strategy for that. One Airline Web Application has to be tested, write test factor or What is to be tested? (Landing & take off) 15 marks
9. Define
a) Boundary Analysis
b) Equivalent Partitioning
c) Error Guessing
Give one example for each.
Subjective Paper 1 - December 2005:
1. Describe four tests you would use to test COTS software.
2. A Web-application is to be installed but suspected that it will might fail in production. Describe four tests you would recommend to your manager to answer the question “How long it would take for the application to recover after it fails”
3. You are the Test Manager of a company, which has outsourced its testing activities. What you would state to your IT Manager in terms of your responsibilities as Test Manager to give him assurance that testing would be conducted properly
4. Describe any four processes you would establish in a test environment and why?
Subjective Paper 2 - December 2005:
1. What would you include in a defect report.
2. What is “v” in v-testing concept and list the stages.
3. Draw a Unit testing workbench, describe each activity in the workbench.
4. You are to introduce automated testing tools. List any four automated test tools with vendor name and why did you choose them.
5. Describe Risk, risk analysis, threat, vulnerability, internal control.
6. Describe statement, branch, condition, expression, path coverage
7. Describe any 3 defect-related metrics.
8. For a web-based application, list 4 important quality factors you would test for. Also state why are they important.

HP QTP Certification HP-M016 Practice Exam Questions - 1

2009-04-02T04:54:00.001-07:00

Q1. How many tabs are there in Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8

Q2. 'Browser navigation timeout' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings) window?
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Web Settings

Q3. Identify the tabs in the Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
B) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web Settings,Recovery
C) Properties, Run Options, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
D) Properties, Run, Resources, Input Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery

Q4. 'Generate Script' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Recovery

Q5. For each object and method in an Expert View statement, a corresponding row exists in the Keyword View.
A) True
B) False
C) There is some problem with the statement.
D) None of above

Q6. The following are the four main columns in the Keyword view
A) Item, Operation, Value, Comments
B) Item, Operation, Value, Documentation
C) Item, Operation, Property, Documentation
D) Number, Operation, Value, Documentation

Q7. You can work on one or several function libraries at the same time.
A) True
B) False

Q8. You can insert additional steps on the test objects captured in the Active screen after the recording session.
A) True
B) False

Q9. The Active Screen enables you to parameterize object values and insert checkpoints?
A) True
B) False

Q10. A QTP user can increase or decrease the active screen information saved with the test?
A) True
B) False

Q11. The toolbar enables you to view the details of an individual action or the entire test flow is:
A. Testing toolbar
B. None of the above
C. Action toolbar
D. Test Pane

Q12. The key that is used to Start/End analog recording mode ?
A. F3
B. SHIFT+ALT+F3
C. CTRL+SHIFT+F3
D. F10

Q13. QuickTest supports virtual object for analog or low-level recording.
A. False
B. True

Q14. To use a specific property to identify your object, but that property is not listed in the properties list. Then how do you identify that object?
A. Add the specific property to the list
B. Use the Default property
C. Use some other property to identify your object

Q15. The checkpoint used to check the alt attribute exists for all relevant objects (such as images) is
A. Database CheckPoint
B. Accessibility checkpoint
C. Bitmap checkpoint
D. Standard checkpoint

Q16. Bitmap checkpoint is supported in VB environment.
A. True
B. False

Q17. Can we parameterize the checkpoints properties?
A. No
B. Yes

Q18. What is the shortcut key that is used for a Standard Checkpoint?
A. F12
B. F2
C. F10
D. F7

Q19. Can we change name of checkpoint?
A. No
B. Yes

Q20. To compare the values of the specified property during a run session with the values stored for the same test object property within the test.
A. Checkpoint
B. All the above
C. Output Value
D. Compare the object property

Q21. You will use which recording mode for an object not recognized by QuickTest?
A. Low-Level Recording Mode
B. Normal recording Mode
C. Analog Mode

Q22. The statement that calls the recorded analog file is:
A. RunAnalog
B. CallAnalog
C. ExecuteAnalog

Q23. An action can be called by other tests or actions is:
A. Call Action
B. Split Action
C. Reusable Action

Q24. You can replace the page in your Active Screen tab:
A. False
B. True

Q25. QuickTest adds a checkpoint statement in the Expert View as:
A. Check Checkpoint
B. Checkpoint

Q26. A Checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed within a defined area in a Windows application is:
A. Accessibility
B. Text Area
C. Standard
D. Text

Q27. In ACTIVE X environment, an ACCESSIBILITY checkpoint is supported?
A. No
B. Yes

Q28. Can we get the execution time for an action in a Test?
A. Yes
B. No

Q29. Can we add external library files in QTP?
1. No
2. Yes

Q30. The method used to get data from HTML Table is
A. GetData(Row,Col)
B. GetRowValue(Rowid,Colname)
C. GetCellData (Row,Col)

HP QTP Certification HP-M016 Practice Exam Questions - 2

2009-04-02T04:54:00.000-07:00

Q1. The Command used to insert the transactions in test is:
A. StartTransaction(Name�), EndTransaction(Name�)B
. Services.StartTransaction "Name", Services.EndTransaction "Name"
C. StartTransaction.services "Name�, EndTransaction.services "Name"

Q2. A step in which one or more values are captured at a specific point in your test and stored for the duration of the run session is:
A. Output Value
B. Checkpoints
C. Active Screen

Q3. QTP can detects an application crash and activate a defined recovery scenario to continue the run session.
A. True
B. false

Q4. In Batch Test process, the test list are saved in file format as:
A. *.mtb
B. *.mts
C. *.mbt
D. *.mtr

Q5. The command used to invoke other application from QTP:
A. InvokeApplication
B. SystemUtil.Run
C. Run
D. Both b & c
E. Both a & b

Q6. The command used to retrieve data from excel sheet is
A. Set ab = Connection("srcfilepath ") , Set ws = ab.getdata(sheetid)
B. Set ab = CreateObject("srcfilepath ") , Set ws = ab.getsheet(sheetid)
C. Set ab = GetObject("srcfilepath") , Set ws = ab.worksheets(sheetid)

Q7. The method that explicitly activates the recovery scenario mechanism is:
A. recovery.activate
B. enable
C. recovery.enable
D. activate

Q8. The method used for sending information to the test results is:
A. Reporter.log()
B. Reporter.reportevent()
C. Reporter.msgbox()
D. Reporter.report()

Q9. To terminate an application that is not responding we use:
A. SystemUtil.terminate
B. SystemUtil.Stop
C. SystemUtil.CloseProcessByName

Q10. The recovery mechanism does not handle triggers that occur in the last step of a test:
A. false
B. True

Q11. We can add Test object methods, function calls into the Test using:
A. Function generator
B. Step generator
C. Object repository

Q12. The method that adds to the test while implementing synchronization is:
A. Synchronize
B. Wait
C. WaitProperty
D. Pause

Q13. The mechanism used to identify objects during run session is:
A. Recovery scenario
B. Smart identification
C. Handling object

Q14. Post-recovery test run options specifies:
A. how to continue the run session after QTP identify the event
B. errors while running
C. recovery scenario during a run session

Q15. The action that can be called multiple times by the test as well as by other tests is called:
A. non-reusable action
B. Reusable action
C. External action

Q16. The command used to connect with Database is:
A. Createobject(connectivity name�)
B. dbconnect(connectivity name)
C. open(connectivity name)
D. None of the above

Q17. The method used to retrieve the folders is:
A. FileSystemObject.Getfolder()
B. FileSystemObject.selectfolder()
C. FileSystemObject.retrievefolder()

Q18. The method used to compare 2 XML files is:
A1. XMLfile1.compare(XMLfile2)
B. XMLcompare(file1,file2)
C. compare(XMLfile1,XMLfile2)

Q19. The QTP script files are stored in the extension of:
A. *.mts
B. *.usr
C. *.mtr
D. *.vbs

Q20. The method used to register the user-defined function with test object is:
A. setFunc()
B. RegisterUserFunc()
C. RegisterFunc()

Q21. The method used to open the specified URL in a browser is:
A. openURL()
B. navigateURL()
C. navigate()

Q22. The 3 Parameter types available in data driver is:
A. DataTable,Environment,Random number
B. DataTable,random number,unique
C. environment,string,numeric

Q23. The method added to the test while parameterizing is:
A. get Data (variable, dtGlobalSheet)
B. get DataTable(variable, dtGlobalSheet)
C. Set Data(variable, dtGlobalSheet)
D. Set DataTable(variable, dtGlobalSheet)

Q24. The length of the array can be get by the method:
A. length(array)
B. ubound(array)
C. count(array)

Q25. The method used to get the count value of list box or combo box is:
A. GetItemsCount
B. GetCount
C. GetItemCount

Q26. To retrieve the current the objects in your application during the run session:
A. GetVisibleText
B. GetROProperty
C. SetROProperty
D. GetTOProperty

Q27. The list of test objects and their properties and values are stored in the:A. Object Repository
B. Object Identification

Q28. The method used to continue the test execution after getting run-time error is:
1. On Error Resume Next
2. On Error Raise Next
3. On Error Next

HP QTP Certification HP-M016 Practice Exam Questions - 3

2009-04-02T04:48:00.000-07:00

Q1. 'Browser navigation timeout' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings) window.
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Web Settings

Q2. How many tabs are there in Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) 7
B) 6
C) 5
D) 8

Q3. Identify the tabs in the Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
B) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, WebSettings,Recovery
C) Properties, Run Options, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web,Recovery
D) Properties, Run, Resources, Input Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery

Q4. 'Generate Script' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings)window
A) Properties
B) Web
C) Resources
D) Recovery

Q5. The following are the four main columns in the Keyword view
A) Item, Operation, Value, Comments
B) Item, Operation, Value, Documentation
C) Item, Operation, Property, Documentation
D) Number, Operation, Value, Documentation

Q6. For each object and method in an Expert View statement, acorresponding row exists in the Keyword View.
A) True
B) False
C) There is a problem with the statement.
D) None of above

Q7. You can work on one or several function libraries at the same time.
A) True
B) False

Q8. You can insert additional steps on the test objects captured in the Active screen after the recording session.
A) True
B) False

Q9. The Active Screen enables you to parameterize object values andinsert checkpoints
A) True
B) False

Q10. A QTP user can increase or decrease the active screen informationsaved with the test.A) True
B) False

Q11. The Information pane provides a list of............. in the test:A) Semantic errors
B) Syntax errors
C) Common errors
D) Logic errors

Q12. When we switch from Expert view to the Keyword view, QTPautomatically checks for syntax errors in tQ16. The Data Table does not assists you in parameterizing your test.
A) True
he test and shows them in theinformation pane.A) True
B) False

Q13. If the information pane is not open, QTP automatically opens it incase a syntax error is detected.A) True
B) False

Q14. ..................... provides a list of the resources that arespecified in your test but cannot be found.A) Missing pane
B) Missing Resources pane
C) Resources pane
D) Missing Items pane

Q15. Whenever you open a test or a function library, QTP automaticallychecks for the availability of specified resources.
A) True
B) False

B) False

Q17. Tabs in the Debug Viewer pane are:
A) Watch, Variables, Debug
B) Watch, Data, Command
C) Watch, Variables, Command
D) View, Variables, Command

Q18. ............... tab enables you to view the current value of anyvariable or VBScript expression.
A) Watch
B) VIew
C) Locate
D) Current

Q19. The .... tab displays the current value of all variables that havebeen recognized up to the last step performed in the run session.
A) View
B)Variables
C) Locate
D) Current

Q20. The .........tab enables you to run a line of script to set ormodify the current value of a variable or VBScript object in your testor function library.
A) View
B) Variables
C) Command
D) Current

Q21. Panes in QTP can have one of the following states—docked or floating.
A) True
B) False

Q22. Which of the following statement is True:
A) QuickTest enables you to open and work on one test at a time
B) QuickTest enables you to open and work on two tests at a time
C) QuickTest enables you to open and work on predefined number of testsat a time
D) QuickTest enables you to open and work on nine test at a time

Q23. Which of the following statement is True:
A) You can open and work on two function libraries simultaneously
B) You can open and work on multiple function libraries simultaneously
C) You can open and work on nine function libraries simultaneously
D) You can open and work on one function library at a time

Q24. You can open any function library, regardless of whether it isassociated with the currently open test.
A) True
B) False

Q25. You can work with multiple documents (test, component, orapplication area, function libraries) using the...... dialog box
A) Panes
B) Display
C) Show
D) Windows

Answers:-->

Black Box is also called as:

2009-03-31T09:37:00.001-07:00

Black Box is also called as:
1. Behavorial Testing
2. Input/Output Driven Testing
3. Specification Based Testing
4. Open Box Testing

White Box is also called as:

2009-03-31T09:37:00.000-07:00

White Box is also called as:
1. Structural Testing
2. Closed Box Testing
3. Opaque Box Testing
4. Glass Box Testing

Technique for black box testing

2009-03-31T09:36:00.002-07:00

Equivalence partitioning is a test case selection technique for black box testing. In this method, testers identify various classes of input conditions called as equivalence classes. These classes are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur.

Basically, a class is a set of input conditions that are similar in nature for a system. In this test case selection technique, it is assumed that if the system will handle one case in the class erroneously, it would handle all cases erroneously.

This technique drastically cuts down the number of test cases required to test a system reasonably. Using this technique, one can found the most errors with the smallest number of test cases.

To use equivalence partitioning, you will need to:

Determining conditions to be tested
Defining and designing tests
Determining conditions to be tested:

All valid input data for a given condition are likely to go through the same process.
Invalid data can go through various processes and need to be evaluated more carefully. For example:
Treat the blank entry differently than an incorrect entry.
Treat a value differently if it is less than or greater than a range of values.
If there are multiple error conditions within a function, one error may override the other, which means that the subordinate error does not get tested unless the other value is valid.
Defining and Designing Test Cases:

First, include valid tests and include as many valid tests as possible in one test case.
For invalid input, include only one test in a test case in order to isolate the error.
Example: In a company, first three digits of all employee IDs, the minimum number is 333 and the maximum number is 444. For the fourth and fifth digits, the minimum number is 11 and the maximum number is 99.
So, for the first three digits the various test conditions can be

a. = or > 333 and = or <>
b. <>
c. > 444, (invalid input, above the range)
d. Blank, (invalid input, below the range).
And for the third and fourth digits the various test conditions can be
e. = or > 11 and = or <>
f. <>
g. > 99, (invalid input, above the range)
h. blank, (invalid input, below the range)
Now, while using equivalence partitioning; only one value that represents each of the eight equivalence classes needs to be tested.

Now, after identifying the tests, you will need to create test cases to test each equivalence class. Create one test case for the valid input conditions and identify separate test cases for each invalid input.

As a black box tester, you might not know the manner in which the programmer has coded the error handling. So, you will need to create separate tests for each invalid input, to avoid masking the result in the event one error takes priority over another.

Thus, based on the test conditions, there can be seven test cases:

Test case for a and e - (both are valid)
Test case for b and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for c and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for d and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for a and f - (only the second one is invalid)
Test case for a and g - (only the second one is invalid)
Test case for a and h - (only the second one is invalid)

All About Black Box Testing

2009-03-31T09:36:00.001-07:00

Black box testing is a test design method. Black box testing treats the system as a "black-box", so it doesn't explicitly use Knowledge of the internal structure. Or in other words the Test engineer need not know the internal working of the “Black box”. It focuses on the functionality part of the module.

Some people like to call black box testing as behavioral, functional, opaque-box, and closed-box. While the term black box is most popularly use, many people prefer the terms "behavioral" and "structural" for black box and white box respectively. Behavioral test design is slightly different from black-box test design because the use of internal knowledge isn't strictly forbidden, but it's still discouraged.

Personally we feel that there is a trade off between the approaches used to test a product using white box and black box types.

There are some bugs that cannot be found using only black box or only white box. If the test cases are extensive and the test inputs are also from a large sample space then it is always possible to find majority of the bugs through black box testing.

Tools used for Black Box testing: Many tool vendors have been producing tools for automated black box and automated white box testing for several years. The basic functional or regression testing tools capture the results of black box tests in a script format. Once captured, these scripts can be executed against future builds of an application to verify that new functionality hasn't disabled previous functionality.

Advantages of Black Box Testing:

- Tester can be non-technical.

- This testing is most likely to find those bugs as the user would find.

- Testing helps to identify the vagueness and contradiction in functional specifications.

- Test cases can be designed as soon as the functional specifications are complete.

Disadvantages of Black Box Testing:

- Chances of having repetition of tests that are already done by programmer.

- The test inputs needs to be from large sample space.

- It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. So writing test cases is slow and difficult.

- Chances of having unidentified paths during this testing.

- Graph Based Testing Methods: Software testing begins by creating a graph of important objects and their relationships and then devising a series of tests that will cover the graph so that each objects and their relationships and then devising a series of tests that will cover the graph so that each object and relationship is exercised and error is uncovered.

Error Guessing: Error Guessing comes with experience with the technology and the project. Error Guessing is the art of guessing where errors can be hidden. There are no specific tools and techniques for this, but you can write test cases depending on the situation: Either when reading the functional documents or when you are testing and find an error that you have not documented.

Boundary Value Analysis: Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a test data selection technique (Functional Testing technique) where the extreme values are chosen. Boundary values include maximum, minimum, just inside/outside boundaries, typical values, and error values. The hope is that, if a system works correctly for these special values then it will work correctly for all values in between.

- Extends equivalence partitioning

- Test both sides of each boundary

- Look at output boundaries for test cases too

- Test min, min-1, max, max+1, typical values

- BVA focuses on the boundary of the input space to identify test cases

- Rational is that errors tend to occur near the extreme values of an input variable

There are two ways to generalize the BVA techniques:

By the number of variables (For n variables): BVA yields 4n + 1 test cases.

By the kinds of ranges: Generalizing ranges depends on the nature or type of variables:

- NextDate has a variable Month and the range could be defined as {Jan, Feb, …Dec}
Min = Jan, Min +1 = Feb, etc.

- Triangle had a declared range of {1, 20,000}

- Boolean variables have extreme values True and False but there is no clear choice for the remaining three values

Advantages of Boundary Value Analysis:

- Robustness Testing - Boundary Value Analysis plus values that go beyond the limits
Min - 1, Min, Min +1, Nom, Max -1, Max, Max +1

- Forces attention to exception handling

- For strongly typed languages robust testing results in run-time errors that abort normal execution

Limitations of Boundary Value Analysis: BVA works best when the program is a function of several independent variables that represent bounded physical quantities:

1. Independent Variables:
NextDate test cases derived from BVA would be inadequate: focusing on the boundary would not leave emphasis on February or leap years.

- Dependencies exist with NextDate's Day, Month and Year.
- Test cases derived without consideration of the function

2. Physical Quantities:
An example of physical variables being tested, telephone numbers - what faults might be revealed by numbers of 000-0000, 000-0001, 555-5555, 999-9998, 999-9999?
Equivalence Partitioning: Equivalence partitioning is a black box testing method that divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived. EP can be defined according to the following guidelines:

- If an input condition specifies a range, one valid and one two invalid classes are defined.

- If an input condition requires a specific value, one valid and two invalid equivalence classes are defined.

- If an input condition specifies a member of a set, one valid and one invalid equivalence class is defined.

- If an input condition is Boolean, one valid and one invalid class is defined.

Comparison Testing: There are situations where independent versions of software be developed for critical applications, even when only a single version will be used in the delivered computer based system. It is these independent versions which form the basis of a black box testing technique called Comparison testing or back-to-back testing.

Orthogonal Array Testing: The Orthogonal Array Testing Strategy (OATS) is a systematic, statistical way of testing pair-wise interactions by deriving a suitable small set of test cases (from a large number of possibilities).

Categories of Software Errors:

2009-03-31T09:36:00.000-07:00

One common definition of a software error is a mismatch between the program and its specification. In other words, we can say, a software error is present in a program when the program does not do what its end user expects.
Categories of Software Errors:

User interface errors such as output errors or incorrect user messages.
Function errors
Hardware defects
Incorrect program version
Requirements errors
Design errors
Documentation errors
Architecture errors
Module interface errors
Performance errors
Boundary-related errors
Logic errors such as calculation errors, State-based behavior errors, Communication errors, Program structure errors, such as control-flow errors.
Most programmers are rather cavalier about controlling the quality of the software they write. They bang out some code, run it through some fairly obvious ad hoc tests, and if it seems okay, they’re done. While this approach may work all right for small, personal programs, it doesn’t cut the mustard for professional software development.
Modern software engineering practices include considerable effort directed toward software quality assurance and testing. The idea, of course, is to produce a high software with the probability of satisfying the customer’s needs.
There are two ways to deliver software free of errors:

Preventing the introduction of errors in the first place.
Identifying the bugs lurking in program code, seek them out, and destroy them.
Obviously, the first method is superior. A big part of software quality comes from doing a good job of defining the requirements for the system you’re building and designing a software solution that will satisfy those requirements. Testing concentrates on detecting those errors that creep in despite your best efforts to keep them out.

Software Testing Bug Report Template

2009-03-31T09:31:00.008-07:00

In continuation to my previous post, here in this post, I'm explaining a simple and effective software bug report.

If you are using any Software Testing Management tool or any Bug reporting tool like Bugzilla or Test Director or Bughost or any other online bug tracking tool, then; the tool will automatically generate the bug report. If you are not using any tool, you may refer to the following template for your software bug report:

Name of Reporter:
Email Id of Reporter:
Version or Build:
Module or component:
Platform / Operating System:
Type of error:
Priority:
Severity:
Status:
Assigned to:
Summary:
Description:

Bug Life Cycle

2009-03-31T09:31:00.007-07:00

The steps in defect life cycle varies from company to company. But the basic flow remains the same. However, below I'm describing a basic flow for Bug Life Cycle:

A Tester finds a bug. Status --> Open
Test lead review the bug and authoriza the bug. Stats --> Open
Development team lead review the defect. Stats --> Open
The defect can be authorized or unauthorized by the development team. (Here the status of the defect / bug will be Open (For Authorized Defects) & Reject (For Unauthorized Defects).
Now, the authorized bugs will get fixed or deferred by the development team. Status of the fixed bugs will be Fixed & Status will be Deferred for the bugs which got Deferred.
The Fixed bugs will be again re-tested by the testing team (Here based on the Closure of the Bug, the status will be made as Closed or if the bug still remains, it will be re-raised and status will be Re-opened.
The above-mentioned cycle continues until all the bugs / defects gets fixed in the application.

Find more bugs while doing Software Testing ?

2009-03-31T09:31:00.006-07:00

Here, in this post, I’m going to tell you some useful tips to find more bugs while doing Software Testing:

Understand the whole application or module in depth before starting the testing.
Give stress on the functional test cases which includes major risk of the application.
Your test data set must include the database records id you are going to test database along with various test case conditions.
If it is not first software testing cycle, use previous test data pattern to analyze the current set of tests.
Perform same tests on different test environment. Find out the result pattern and then compare your results with those patterns.
Do some standard tests like putting the “%” sign or “*” or html tags in the text box and then see the results in output window.
When you are tired, and then do some monkey testing.
Apart from these tips, one thing I would like to recommend to you that you must be thinking every minute to find a bug in the software. Just be Passionate about Software Testing.

Which projects may not need independent test staff?

2009-03-31T09:31:00.005-07:00

Which projects may not need independent test staff?
Ans. It depends on the size & nature of the project. Then, it depends on business risks, development methodology, the skills and experience of the developers.

What's the role of documentation in QA?

2009-03-31T09:31:00.004-07:00

What's the role of documentation in QA?
Ans. QA practices must be documented to enhance their repeatability. There should be a system for easily finding and obtaining information and determining what documentation will have a particular piece of information.

What is good design?

2009-03-31T09:31:00.003-07:00

What is good design?
Ans. Good internal design is indicated by software code whose overall structure is clear, understandable, easily modifiable, and maintainable. It should also be robust with sufficient error-handling and status logging capability and work correctly when implemented. And, good functional design is indicated by an application whose functionality can be traced back to customer and end-user requirements.

What are the common solutions to software development problems?

2009-03-31T09:31:00.001-07:00

What are the common solutions to software development problems?
Ans.

Solid requirements
Realistic schedules
Adequate testing
stick to initial requirements where feasible
require walkthroughs and inspections when appropriate

What are the common problems in the software development process?

2009-03-31T09:28:00.000-07:00

What are the common problems in the software development process?
Ans.

Poor requirements
Unrealistic schedule
Inadequate testing
A request to pile on new features after development is unnderway.
Miscommunication

Tell us about some world famous bugs??

2009-03-31T09:27:00.005-07:00

Tell us about some world famous bugs
Ans. 1. In December of 2007 an error occurred in a new ERP payroll system for a large urban school system. More than one third of employees had received incorrect paychecks that results in overpayments of $53 million. Inadequate testing reportedly contributed to the problems

2. A software error reportedly resulted in overbilling to 11,000 customers of a major telecommunications company in June of 2006. Making the corrections in the bills took a long time.

3. In March of 2002 it was reported that software bugs in Britain's national tax system resulted in more than 100,000 erroneous tax overcharges.

What are the qualities of a good QA or Test manager?

2009-03-31T09:27:00.004-07:00

What are the qualities of a good QA or Test manager?
Ans.

Must be familiar with the software development process
able to maintain enthusiasm of their team and promote a positive atmosphere
always looking for preventing problems
able to promote teamwork to increase productivity
able to promote cooperation between software, test, and QA engineers
have the skills needed to promote improvements in QA processes
have the ability to say 'no' to other managers when quality is insufficient or QA processes are not being adhered
have people judgement skills for hiring and keeping skilled personnel
be able to run meetings and keep them focused

What are the qualities of a good QA engineer?

2009-03-31T09:27:00.003-07:00

What are the qualities of a good QA engineer?
Ans.

The same qualities a good tester
Additionally, they must be able to understand the entire software development process and how it can fit into the business approach and goals of the organization.
In organizations in the early stages of implementing QA processes, patience and diplomacy are especially needed.
An ability to find problems as well as to see 'what's missing' is important for inspections and reviews.

What are the qualities of a good test engineer?

2009-03-31T09:27:00.002-07:00

What are the qualities of a good test engineer?
Ans.

A good test engineer has a test to break attitude.
An ability to take the point of view of the customer
a strong desire for quality
Tactful and diplomatic
Good communication skills
Previous software development experience can be helpful as it provides a deeper understanding of the software development process
Good judgment skills

What is Software Quality Assurance?

2009-03-31T09:27:00.001-07:00

What is Software Quality Assurance?
Ans. Software QA involves the monitoring and improving the entire software development process, making sure that any agreed-upon standards and procedures are followed. It is oriented to prevention.

What is Software Testing?

2009-03-31T09:27:00.000-07:00

What is Software Testing?
Ans. Operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating the results. The controlled conditions must include both normal and abnormal conditions. It is oriented to detection.

Why does software have bugs?

2009-03-31T09:25:00.007-07:00

Why does software have bugs?
Ans.

miscommunication or no communication
software complexity
programming errors
changing requirements
time pressures
poorly documented code
software development tools
egos - people prefer to say things like:
• 'no problem'
• 'piece of cake'
• 'I can whip that out in a few hours'

What is Extreme Programming?

2009-03-31T09:25:00.006-07:00

What is Extreme Programming?
Ans. Extreme Programming is a software development approach for risk-prone projects with unstable requirements. Unit testing is a core aspect of Extreme Programming. Programmers write unit and functional test code first - before writing the application code. Generally, customers are expected to be an integral part of the project team and to help create / design scenarios for acceptance testing.

How can web based applications be tested?

2009-03-31T09:25:00.005-07:00

How can web based applications be tested?
Ans. Apart from functionality consider the following:

- What are the expected loads on the server and what kind of performance is expected on the client side?
- Who is the target audience?
- Will down time for server and content maintenance / upgrades be allowed?
- What kinds of security will be required and what is it expected to do?
- How reliable are the site's Internet / intranet connections required to be?
- How do the internet / intranet affect backup system or redundant connection requirements and testing?
- What variations will be allowed for targeted browsers?
- Will there be any standards or requirements for page appearance and / or graphics throughout a site or parts of a site?
- How will internal and external links be validated and updated?
- How are browser caching and variations in browser option settings?
- How are flash, applets, java scripts, ActiveX components, etc. to be maintained, tracked, controlled, and tested?
- From the usability point of view consider the following:

-- Pages should be 3-5 screens longer.
-- The page layouts and design elements should be consistent throughout the application / web site.
--Pages should be as browser-independent or generate based on the browser-type.
--There should be no dead-end pages. A link to a contact person or organization should be included on each page.

What if there isn't enough time for thorough testing?

2009-03-31T09:25:00.004-07:00

What if there isn't enough time for thorough testing?
Ans. Consider the following scenarios:

- Which functionality is most important from business point of view?
- Which functionality is most visible to the user?
- Which functionality has the largest financial impact?
- Which aspects of the application are most important to the customer?
- Which parts of the code are most complex?
- Which parts of the application were developed in rush?
- Which aspects of similar/related previous projects caused problems?
- What do the developers think are the highest-risk aspects of the application?
- What kinds of problems would cause the worst publicity?
- What kinds of problems would cause the most customer service complaints?
- What kinds of tests could easily cover multiple functionalities?

When you can stop testing?

2009-03-31T09:25:00.003-07:00

When you can stop testing?
Ans.

- Deadlines (release deadlines, testing deadlines, etc.)
- Test cases completed with certain percentage passed
- Test budget depleted
- Coverage of code/functionality/requirements reaches a specified point
- Bug rate falls below a certain level Beta or alpha testing period ends

What is configuration management?

2009-03-31T09:25:00.001-07:00

What is configuration management?
Ans. It covers the processes used to control, coordinate, and track: code, requirements, documentation, problems, change requests, designs, tools / compilers / libraries / patches, changes made to them, and who makes the changes.

What's an inspection?

2009-03-31T09:22:00.007-07:00

What's an inspection?
Ans. It is more formalized than a 'walkthrough', typically with 3-8 people including a moderator, reader, and a recorder to take notes. The subject of the inspection is typically a document such as a requirements spec or a test plan, and the purpose is to find problems and see what's missing, not to fix anything.

What is a walkthrough?

2009-03-31T09:22:00.006-07:00

What is a walkthrough?
Ans. An informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes.

What is validation?

2009-03-31T09:22:00.005-07:00

What is validation?
Ans. It involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed.

What is verification?

2009-03-31T09:22:00.004-07:00

What is verification?
Ans. It involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. It can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings etc.

What are the components of a bug report?

2009-03-31T09:22:00.003-07:00

What are the components of a bug report?
Ans.

- Application name
- The function, module, name
- Bug ID
- Bug reporting date
- Status
- Test case ID
- Bug description
- Steps needed to reproduce the bug
- Names and/or descriptions of file/data/messages/etc. used in test
- Snapshot that would be helpful in finding the cause of the problem
- Severity estimate
- Was the bug reproducible?
- Name of tester
- Description of problem cause (filled by developers)
- Description of fix (filled by developers)
- Code section/file/module/class/method that was fixed (filled by developers)
- Date of fix (filled by developers)
- Date of retest or regression testing
- Any remarks or comments

What is a test case?

2009-03-31T09:22:00.002-07:00

What is a test case?
Ans. A test case is a document that describes an input, action, or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of a software application is working correctly.

What are the contents of test plan?

2009-03-31T09:22:00.001-07:00

What are the contents of test plan?
Ans.

- Title and identification of software including version etc.
- Revision history
- Table of Contents
- Purpose of document and intended audience
- Objective and software product overview
- Relevant related document list and standards or legal requirements
- Naming conventions
- Overview of software project organization
- Roles and responsibilities etc.
- Assumptions and dependencies
- Risk analysis
- Testing priorities
- Scope and limitations of testing effort
- Outline of testing effort and input data
- Test environment setup and configuration issues
- Configuration management processes
- Outline of bug tracking system
- Test automation if required
- Any tools to be used, including versions, patches, etc.
- Project test metrics to be calculated
- Testing deliverables
- Reporting plan
- Testing entrance and exit criteria
- Sanity testing period and criteria
- Test suspension and restart criteria
- Personnel pre-training needs
- Relevant proprietary, classified, security and licensing issues.
- Open issues if any

What is a test plan?

2009-03-31T09:15:00.003-07:00

A document that describes the objectives, scope, approach, and focus of a software testing effort.

What are the steps to perform software testing?

2009-03-31T09:15:00.002-07:00

What are the steps to perform software testing?

- Understand requirements and business logic
- Get budget and schedule requirements
- Determine required standards and processes
- Set priorities, and determine scope and limitations of tests
- Determine test approaches and methods
- Determine test environment, test ware, test input data requirements
- Set milestones and prepare test plan document
- Write test cases
- Have needed reviews/inspections/approvals of test cases
- Set up test environment
- Execute test cases
- Evaluate and report results
- Bug Tracking and fixing
- Retesting or regression testing if needed
- Update test plans, test cases, test results, traceability matrix etc.

How QA processes can be introduced in an organization?

2009-03-31T09:15:00.001-07:00

How QA processes can be introduced in an organization?
Ans. 1. It depends on the size of the organization and the risks involved. e.g. for large organizations with high-risk projects a formalized QA process is necessary.

2. If the risk is lower, management and organizational buy-in and QA implementation may be a slower.

3. The most value for effort will often be in

- Requirements management processes
- Design inspections and code inspections
- post-mortems / retrospectives

What is Performance, Stress & Load testing ???

2009-03-31T09:15:00.000-07:00

Performance, Stress & Load testing
Performance Testing: It is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a system or component against stated performance requirements, as specified in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). This usually being the last set of tests performed before implementing the new system, performance testing validates how well the system performs, from a speed and data processing perspective.

The Load, Volume and Stress testing are often grouped under performance tests. However, depending on the size and criticality of the system, these can be viewed as individual test phases.

Load Testing: In load testing the system under test in subjected to various levels of "load", to test its behaviour. In other words we can say load testing checks whether the system works well for the specified requirement (load).

Stress Testing: Testing conducted to evaluate a system or component, at or beyond the limits of its specified requirements. It is quite distinct from load testing because, here the behaviour of the system is checked for extremes and checks the safe load instructions for end-users. It is quite useful for mission-critical software.

Testing Methodology Details

2009-03-31T09:01:00.003-07:00

Test methodology is the technical way about how to test a software. Typically, people refer to black-box and white-box for methodologies.

Black-box Testing is mainly testing at system-level, as customers may use the software. Often, it is pretty-much same as system-test. It is the most-common way of testing a product/software when it has end-users; but it may not be applicable when the software is not intended for end-uses, like API.

White-box testing is mainly testing the software as th testers know the detailed logics/codes about the software. It test the internal logics, conditions, operations of the code. It is typically used for unit/functional testing and also for software that has no end-users (like APIs).

Agile S/w Development Methodology

2009-03-31T09:01:00.002-07:00

Agile process is evolved in 90s. Agile, in literal, means the ability to move freely- ability to Adapt. Adapting to the changing requirements and adapting to the changing circumstances. AGILE allow for changing requirements throughout the development cycle and stress collaboration b/w s/w developers and customers and early product delivery.
The “Agile Manifesto” establishes a common framework for these processes: Value individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and
responding to change over following a plan. The processes most commonly considered agile include Extreme Programming (XP), Lean Development, Crystal and Scrum.

Scrum:
Scrum is an agile software development method for project management. The word scrum is derived from the Rugby game. Takeuchi and Nonaka noted that projects using small, cross-functional teams historically produce the best results, and likened these high-performing teams to the scrum formation in Rugby. Although Scrum was intended to be for management of software development projects, it can be used in running maintenance teams, or as a program management approach

Scrum terminology
Scrum Master: The person or persons in charge of the tracking and the daily updates for the scrum (equivalent to a project manager).
Scrum Team: A cross-functional team (developers, B.A.s, DBAs, and testers) responsible for developing the product.
Product Owner: The person responsible for maintaining the Product Backlog via continuous interaction with Clients and Stakeholders.
Story: A customer focused description of valued functionality.
Product Backlog: The stories to be completed.
Sprint: A time period (usually 2 to 4 weeks) in which development occurs on a set of stories that the team has committed to.
Burn Down Chart: Daily progress for a sprint over the sprint's length.

Agile s/w development process

2009-03-31T09:01:00.001-07:00

Characteristics of Scrum:
A product backlog of prioritized work to be done; It is a set of requirements that you would implement in your product

Completion of a fixed set of backlog items in a series of short iterations or sprints; - Sometimes you call it as a sprint backlog - you will identify a set of requirements that you implement in a perticular sprint.

A brief daily meeting or scrum, at which progress is explained, upcoming work is described and impediments are raised. - This is a all hands meeting. You will have the architect, developers, testers and the scrum master sitting in the same room and discussiing about the progress and the issues. The best part is - every one is involved in the discussion and you can get on the spot clarifications.

A brief sprint planning session in which the backlog items for the sprint will be defined.

A brief sprint retrospective, at which all team members reflect about the past sprint. This happens at the end of each sprint. The team members retrospects the performance of the team - issues faced in the current sprint - improvements needed and all. This retrospective meeting is very important as the minutes of this meeting can be considered for planning the next sprint

Currently we are following Scrum in our projects - and we are able to get a shippable product by the end of every SPRINT

XP - Extreme Programming:
This is another agile development method that is mostly being used in conjunction with SCRUM. This method talks about the implementing best practices in the development cycles.

What is Testing Methodology?

2009-03-31T08:55:00.000-07:00

What is Diff. between STLC and SDLC?

2008-10-03T03:13:00.002-07:00

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC): It consists of 4 phases
i)Requirements Analysis
ii) System Design
iii)Implementation
iv) Testing
i)Requirements Analysis:- In this the customers of the system provide the business requirements for the system. It is the analysts job to extract these requirements from the system and document them with sufficient clarity that the team know what to build to meet the customer needs. Analysts will do the feasibility of the requirements and put it on FDD.
ii) System Design:- The architecture and details of how the system will work are created. These are documented by technical architects who produce documents such as UML diagrams.
iii) Implementation:- The actual coding of the solution happens in this stage.
iv)Testing:- Finally testing happens.
The delivered code is tested against the requirements documents to ensure that the system being delivered meets the needs of the customer
Software Testing Life Cycle (SDLC): It consists of 4 phases
i) Requirements Analysis
ii)System Design
iii)Implementation
iv)Testing
i)Requirements Analysis:- Testing begins with the verification of “requirements” documents. Testers need to analyse the requirements documents to ensure that they know exactly what the requirement is and that everyone has the same understanding. Removing ambiguity at this stage will remove bugs from later stages.A commonly used checklist for verifying requirements consists of the following:
• Correct Simply put, does the requirement correctly reflect what the user wants?
• Complete Ensure no elements are missing from the requirement, does the requirement describe all possible values, what about performance/security/accessibility aspects of a requirement?
• Consistent Checking that there are no contradictions within the requirements.
• Feasable Can the requirement be delivered given the technology, time and budget constraints.
• Testable Is the expected result known and can it be programatically or visually verified? Words like ‘maximise’ or ‘adequate’ can not be verified and should not be used in requirements.
• Traceable Is it clear which part of the system this requirement applies to, if it applies to more than one area is this clear?
• Unambiguous Look for ambiguous words like ’should’ ‘can’ ‘etc.’ ‘usually’ ‘and/or’ ‘quick’
ii) System Design:-Once the System Design and Requirements are available they can be used to for Test Cases. Each Test Case has a Test Condition and procedure and an expected outcome. During this phase Testers, Designers and Developers should be working together to ensure that everyone understands the solution and the possible risks and weaknesses of the solution. Developers should be thinking about the unit tests they need to perform against the units they are developing, this includes the identification of any stubs or test harnesses that may be needed. Testers can use some of the Test Case Design Techniques to help them identify test cases that should be created.
iii)Implementation / Development:- During the development of the solution “unit tests” are executed against each of the units being developed.This is the first oppurtunity to test the application.
iv)Testing:- It consists of 3 types
a)Integration Testing:- consists of checking the data flow between two or more integrated modules
b) Exploratory Testing:-is the simultaneous learning, creating and executing of test cases. In traditional methods the learning and test case creation is done ahead of time working from functional requirements.
c) Functional Testing :-is the process of testing a system to verify that it meets the functional requirements.
d) Load Testing:- is to check the system under expected load condition i.e How system behaves when ‘concurrent users’ accessing the same application. Testing an application under ‘heavy loads’, such as testing of a web site under a range of loads to determine at what point the system’s response time degrades or fails.
e) Performance Testing:- will make sure that product does not take up the much of the system resource and ‘time taken to execute’ the task. Imagine the reaction of the user if save operation takes up more than 5 minutes.and also testing will check that response time is meets the user requirement. There are no industry wide standard response time for web applications although there are some interesting writings on the matter.
v)Reliability Testing:- is testing the ability of a system, to handle ‘negative flow’ or ’situations’E.x for example, if printer is not connected to your Application and if you have given Print Command The AUT Should not hang waiting for response from Printer Machine, it should have the facility to give error message and the system should recover to normal functionality. It is also known as recovery testing.vi) Regression Testing:- Regression testing can be defined as the retesting of a previously tested program following modification to ensure that faults have not been introduced or uncovered as a result of the changes made. The principle is that given a tested system and a new version of that system with some change made, a subset of the tests may be sufficient to restore the “tested” status of the system. The value of separating out regression testing as a separate concept from simply re-testing the system completely is that when testing costs are high, being able to get the same verification from less testing is desirable. If the cost of a full system test is low, simply re-testing the system when changes are made is probably the best strategy. The extra work that has to be done to execute a regression test is determining the subset of the full system test required to bring the system back to “tested” status. It is possible, if the changes to the system are extensive enough, that the regression test will in fact be the same as the full system test. A regression test suite is created from selected test cases and scripts. Where possible regression testing should be automated to reduce the time taken to repeat these tests, in some cases the additional time required to automate the tests will outweigh the benefits

Explain sdlc?

2008-10-03T03:13:00.001-07:00

There are 5 phases in sdlc:
1)requirement & analysis
2)design
3)coding
4)testing
5)maintainance

1)requirement & analysis:
the main aim of requirement analysis phase is to produce
a document that properly specifies all reuirements of the
customer.
requirement specification document is the primary out put
of this phase.
proper requirements and analysys are critical for having
succesful project.
the need for executing this phase properly to produce an
srs with the least defect should be evident.

2)design: during the design phase the user requirements are
elicited and software satisfying these requirements are
designed built tested,delivered to the customer.

high level:high level design is the phase of life cycle
the logical view of computer implementation of solution to
the customer requirements are developed.it gives the
solution at high level of abstraction.during the high level
design the functional architecture of application and
database design takes place.
the entry criteria is that srs has been reviewed and
authourised. the input for this phase is software
requirement specification and output for this phase is high
level design document. the exit criteria is that the high
level design document has been reviewed and authourised.

low level design:the view of the application developed in
the high level design is broken into modules and logic
design is done for every program .a unit test plan is
created and documented as program specification. the
important activity in the detailed design phase is
identification of common routines and programs.

the entry criteria is that the highlevel design document
has been reviewed and authourised.
the exit criteria is that the program specification
document has been reviewed and authourised.

coding:
during the coding phase required programing language is
used to produce the program.this phase produces source
code, executables and database design.

testing:
here actual testing takes place .

maintainance:
succesfully developed project will undergo for maintainance.

what is a RAD (Rapid Application Development) Model when do the firm go for such a model?

2008-10-03T03:12:00.002-07:00

The RAD model is linear sequential software development
process that emphasizes an extremely short development
cycle.The RAD model is a high speed adaption of the linear
sequential model in which rapid development is achieved by
using component based construction approach.it has
following phases

Business modelling
Data modelling
Process modelling
Application generation
Testing and Turnover

How do states move from discovery to action?

2008-10-03T03:12:00.001-07:00

The purpose of the discovery process is to produce information that
can inform decisions and point to actions for remediation and quality improvement. This
paper has focused on ways to develop a reliable and robust set of discovery methods as a
foundation for an overall quality management system. Moving from the production of
accurate and reliable data to presentation of understandable and actionable information
requires a number of additional techniques and tools.

What is Quality improvement activities?
Quality improvement activities is an opportunity for the practice's GPs and staff members to come together as a team to consider quality improvement.

What is a discovery method?

2008-10-03T03:11:00.000-07:00

A discovery method is defined as a systematic and organized
activity to assess, review, evaluate or otherwise analyze a process, program, operation,
provider or outcome. The end product of a good discovery method is reliable data that
provides “evidence” to support a conclusion or action either at the individual or system
level. In order to produce systematic and reliable data, certain core features should be
present in a discovery method. These include:
• protocols for data collection
• qualified reviewers/interviewers
• sampling methods that allow conclusions
• standard data collection instruments
• reliable and accurate data
• ability to aggregate, analyze and report data

what is prototype model(in S.T.L.C)? What is architecture of prototype model?

2008-10-03T03:09:00.002-07:00

1.Test Strategy& Analysis
2.Test case design
3.Test Execution
4.Test Log preparation
5.Defect tracking
6.Final report

Explain different Prototype Models Types.
There are four types of Prototype Models based on their development planning:
The Patch-Up Prototype,
Nonoperational Prototype,
First-of-a-Series Prototype and
Selected Features Prototype.
What are advantages of Prototype Model?
Creating software using the prototype model also has its benefits. One of the key advantages a prototype modeled software has is the time frame of development. Instead of concentrating on documentation, more effort is placed in creating the actual software. This way, the actual software could be released in advance. The work on prototype models could also be spread to others since there are practically no stages of work in this model. Everyone has to work on the same thing and at the same time, reducing man hours in creating a software. The work will even be faster and efficient if developers will collaborate more regarding the status of a specific function and develop the necessary adjustments in time for the integration.

Another advantage of having a prototype modeled software is that the software is created using lots of user feedbacks. In every prototype created, users could give their honest opinion about the software. If something is unfavorable, it can be changed. Slowly the program is created with the customer in mind.
What are Disadvantages of Prototype Model ?
Implementing the prototype model for creating software has disadvantages. Since its being built out of concept, most of the models presented in the early stage are not complete. Usually they lack flaws that developers still need to work on them again and again. Since the prototype changes from time to time, it’s a nightmare to create a document for this software. There are many things that are removed, changed and added in a single update of the prototype and documenting each of them has been proven difficult.

There is also a great temptation for most developers to create a prototype and stick to it even though it has flaws. Since prototypes are not yet complete software programs, there is always a possibility of a designer flaw. When flawed software is implemented, it could mean losses of important resources.

Lastly, integration could be very difficult for a prototype model. This often happens when other programs are already stable. The prototype software is released and integrated to the company’s suite of software. But if there’s something wrong the prototype, changes are required not only with the software. It’s also possible that the stable software should be changed in order for them to be integrated properly.

What is the difference between iterative model and prototype

2008-10-03T03:09:00.001-07:00

Iterative Model: In this u can come back to previous
phases, and make the changes accordingly. In this we
revived a final output product at the end of the SDLC.

Prototype Model: Here, we received Prototypes of the
product, before the final release. We release 4-5 Prototypes
with some differences b/w them, and take client opinion, and
modifies the final Product, as per client suggestions.

What is difference between iterative model and waterfall

2008-10-03T03:07:00.000-07:00

WaterFall Model: This is a flow based model, in which u
pass every phase once, and can not go back to that phase
again. That is why, it is used rarely now a days.

Drawback: If there is nay change in requirements, then u
can not make any changes in requirements.

Iterative Model: In this u can come back to previous
phases, and make the changes accordingly. In this we
revieved a final output product at the end of the SDLC.

What is a backward compatible design?

2008-10-03T03:05:00.000-07:00

The design is backward compatible, if the design continues to work with earlier versions of a language, program, code, or software. When the design is backward compatible, the signals or data that has to be changed does not break the existing code.
For instance, a (mythical) web designer decides he should make some changes, because the fun of using Javascript and Flash is more important (to his customers) than his backward compatible design. Or, alternatively, he decides, he has to make some changes because he doesn't have the resources to maintain multiple styles of backward compatible web design. Therefore, our mythical web designer's decision will inconvenience some users, because some of the earlier versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape will not display his web pages properly (as there are some serious improvements in the newer versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape that make the older versions of these browsers incompatible with, for example, DHTML). This is when we say, "Our (mythical) web designer's code fails to work with earlier versions of browser software, therefore his design is not backward compatible".
On the other hand, if the same mythical web designer decides that backward compatibility is more important than fun, or, if he decides that he does have the resources to maintain multiple styles of backward compatible code, then, obviously, no user will be inconvenienced when Microsoft or Netscape make some serious improvements in their web browsers. This is when we can say, "Our mythical web designer's design is backward compatible".

How does winrunner invoke on remote machine?

2008-10-03T03:04:00.000-07:00

Steps to call WinRunner in remote machine:
1) Send a file to remote machine particular folder (this may contains your test parameters)
2) write a shell script listener & keep always running the remotehost (this script will watching the file in folder mentioned in step 1)
3) write a batch file to invoke the winrunner, test name & kept it in remote machine
4) call the batch file thru shell script whenever the file exist as mentioned in step1

How to Plan automation testing to to impliment keyword driven methodology in testing automation using winrunner8.2?

2008-10-03T03:03:00.000-07:00

Keyword-driven testing refers to an application-independent automation framework. This framework requires the development of data tables and keywords, independent of the test automation tool used to execute them and the test script code that "drives" the application-under-test and the data. Keyword-driven tests look very similar to manual test cases. In a keyword-driven test, the functionality of the application-under-test is documented in a table as well as in step-by-step instructions for each test.
Suppose you want to test a simple application like Calculator and want to perform 1+3=4, then you require to design a framework as follows:

Window->Calculator ; Control->Pushbutton ; Action-> Push; Argument->1
Window->Calculator ; Control->Pushbutton ; Action-> Push; Argument->+
Window->Calculator ; Control->Pushbutton ; Action-> Push; Argument->3
Window->Calculator ; Control->Pushbutton ; Action-> Push; Argument->=
Window->Calculator ; Action-> Verify; Argument->4

Steps are associated with the manual test case execution. Now write functions for all these common framework required for your test caese. Your representation may be different as per your requirement and used tool.

WinRunner: Why "Bitmap Check point" is not working with Framework?

2008-10-03T03:02:00.000-07:00

Bitmap chekpoint is dependent on the monitor resolution. It depends on the machine on which it has been recorded. Unless you are using a machine with a screen of the same resolution and settings , it will fail. Run it in update mode on your machine once. It will get updated to your system and then onwards will pass.

How do you view the contents of the GUI map?

2008-10-03T03:01:00.003-07:00

If we are learning a window then WinRunner automatically learns all the objects in the window else we will we identifying those object, which are to be learned in a window, since we will be working with only those objects while creating scripts.

How do you view the contents of the GUI map?

2008-10-03T03:01:00.001-07:00

GUI Map editor displays the content of a GUI Map. We can invoke GUI Map Editor from the Tools Menu in WinRunner. The GUI Map Editor displays the various GUI Map files created and the windows and objects learned in to them with their logical name and physical description.

What is the different between GUI map and GUI map files?

2008-10-03T03:00:00.002-07:00

The GUI map is actually the sum of one or more GUI map files. There are two modes for organizing GUI map files. Global GUI Map file: a single GUI Map file for the entire application. GUI Map File per Test: WinRunner automatically creates a GUI Map file for each test created. GUI Map file is a file which contains the windows and the objects learned by the WinRunner with its logical name and their physical description.

If the object does not have a name then what will be the logical name?

2008-10-03T03:00:00.001-07:00

If the object does not have a name then the logical name could be the attached text.

What is meant by the logical name of the object?

2008-10-03T02:59:00.001-07:00

An object’s logical name is determined by its class. In most cases, the logical name is the label that appears on an object.

What is the purpose of loading WinRunner Add-Ins?

2008-10-03T02:58:00.002-07:00

Add-Ins are used in WinRunner to load functions specific to the particular add-in to the memory. While creating a script only those functions in the add-in selected will be listed in the function generator and while executing the script only those functions in the loaded add-in will be executed else WinRunner will give an error message saying it does not recognize the function. What are the reasons that WinRunner fails to identify an object on the GUI? - WinRunner fails to identify an object in a GUI due to various reasons. The object is not a standard windows object. If the browser used is not compatible with the WinRunner version, GUI Map Editor will not be able to learn any of the objects displayed in the browser window.

Have you integrated your automated scripts from TestDirector?

2008-10-03T02:58:00.001-07:00

When you work with WinRunner, you can choose to save your tests directly to your TestDirector database or while creating a test case in the TestDirector we can specify whether the script in automated or manual. And if it is automated script then TestDirector will build a skeleton for the script that can be later modified into one which could be used to test the AUT. What are the different modes of recording? - There are two type of recording in WinRunner. Context Sensitive recording records the operations you perform on your application by identifying Graphical User Interface (GUI) objects. Analog recording records keyboard input, mouse clicks, and the precise x- and y-coordinates traveled by the mouse pointer across the screen

What is the use of Test Director software?

2008-10-03T02:57:00.000-07:00

TestDirector is Mercury Interactive’s software test management tool. It helps quality assurance personnel plan and organize the testing process. With TestDirector you can create a database of manual and automated tests, build test cycles, run tests, and report and track defects. You can also create reports and graphs to help review the progress of planning tests, running tests, and tracking defects before a software release

How do you analyze results and report the defects?

2008-10-03T02:56:00.000-07:00

Following each test run, WinRunner displays the results in a report. The report details all the major events that occurred during the run, such as checkpoints, error messages, system messages, or user messages. If mismatches are detected at checkpoints during the test run, you can view the expected results and the actual results from the Test Results window. If a test run fails due to a defect in the application being tested, you can report information about the defect directly from the Test Results window. This information is sent via e-mail to the quality assurance manager, who tracks the defect until it is fixed.

How do you run your test scripts?

2008-10-03T02:55:00.002-07:00

We run tests in Verify mode to test your application. Each time WinRunner encounters a checkpoint in the test script, it compares the current data of the application being tested to the expected data captured earlier. If any mismatches are found, WinRunner captures them as actual results.

Have you performed debugging of the scripts?

2008-10-03T02:55:00.001-07:00

Yes, I have performed debugging of scripts. We can debug the script by executing the script in the debug mode. We can also debug script using the Step, Step Into, Step out functionalities provided by the WinRunner.

How does WinRunner evaluate test results?

2008-10-03T02:54:00.004-07:00

Have you created test scripts and what is contained in the test scripts?

2008-10-03T02:54:00.003-07:00

Yes I have created test scripts. It contains the statement in Mercury Interactive’s Test Script Language (TSL). These statements appear as a test script in a test window. You can then enhance your recorded test script, either by typing in additional TSL functions and programming elements or by using WinRunner’s visual programming tool, the Function Generator.

How does WinRunner recognize objects on the application?

2008-10-03T02:54:00.001-07:00

WinRunner uses the GUI Map file to recognize objects on the application. When WinRunner runs a test, it uses the GUI map to locate objects. It reads an object’s description in the GUI map and then looks for an object with the same properties in the application being tested.

What is contained in the GUI map?

2008-10-03T02:53:00.002-07:00

WinRunner stores information it learns about a window or object in a GUI Map. When WinRunner runs a test, it uses the GUI map to locate objects. It reads an object’s description in the GUI map and then looks for an object with the same properties in the application being tested. Each of these objects in the GUI Map file will be having a logical name and a physical description. There are 2 types of GUI Map files. Global GUI Map file: a single GUI Map file for the entire application. GUI Map File per Test: WinRunner automatically creates a GUI Map file for each test created.

Explain WinRunner testing process?

2008-10-03T02:53:00.001-07:00

WinRunner testing process involves six main stages
Create GUI Map File so that WinRunner can recognize the GUI objects in the application being tested
Create test scripts by recording, programming, or a combination of both. While recording tests, insert checkpoints where you want to check the response of the application being tested.
Debug Test: run tests in Debug mode to make sure they run smoothly
Run Tests: run tests in Verify mode to test your application.
View Results: determines the success or failure of the tests.
Report Defects: If a test run fails due to a defect in the application being tested, you can report information about the defect directly from the Test Results window.

How you used WinRunner in your project?

2008-10-03T02:52:00.002-07:00

Yes, I have been using WinRunner for creating automated scripts for GUI, functional and regression testing of the AUT.

Write and explain compile module?

2008-10-03T02:52:00.001-07:00

Write TSL functions for the following interactive modes:
i. Creating a dialog box with any message you specify, and an edit field.
ii. Create dialog box with list of items and message.
iii. Create dialog box with edit field, check box, and execute button, and a cancel button.
iv. Creating a browse dialog box from which user selects a file.
v. Create a dialog box with two edit fields, one for login and another for password input.

Write and explain compile module?

2008-10-03T02:50:00.002-07:00

Why you use reload function?

2008-10-03T02:50:00.001-07:00

If you make changes in a module, you should reload it. The reload function removes a loaded module from memory and reloads it (combining the functions of unload and load).
The syntax of the reload function is:
reload ( module_name [ ,1|0 ] [ ,1|0 ] );
The module_name is the name of an existing compiled module.
Two additional optional parameters indicate the type of module. The first parameter indicates whether the module is a system module or a user module: 1 indicates a system module; 0 indicates a user module.
(Default = 0)
The second optional parameter indicates whether a user module will remain open in the WinRunner window or will close automatically after it is loaded. 1 indicates that the module will close automatically. 0 indicates that the module will remain open.
(Default = 0)

How do you load and unload a compile module?

2008-10-03T02:49:00.004-07:00

In order to access the functions in a compiled module you need to load the module. You can load it from within any test script using the load command; all tests will then be able to access the function until you quit WinRunner or unload the compiled module.
You can load a module either as a system module or as a user module. A system module is generally a closed module that is invisible to the tester. It is not displayed when it is loaded, cannot be stepped into, and is not stopped by a pause command. A system module is not unloaded when you execute an unload statement with no parameters (global unload).
load (module_name [,1|0] [,1|0] );
The module_name is the name of an existing compiled module.
Two additional, optional parameters indicate the type of module. The first parameter indicates whether the function module is a system module or a user module: 1 indicates a system module; 0 indicates a user module.
(Default = 0)
The second optional parameter indicates whether a user module will remain open in the WinRunner window or will close automatically after it is loaded: 1 indicates that the module will close automatically; 0 indicates that the module will remain open.
(Default = 0)
The unload function removes a loaded module or selected functions from memory.
It has the following syntax:
unload ( [ module_name | test_name [ , "function_name" ] ] );

How do you declare arrays?

2008-10-03T02:49:00.003-07:00

The following syntax is used to define the class and the initial expression of an array. Array size need not be defined in TSL.
class array_name [ ] [=init_expression]
The array class may be any of the classes used for variable declarations (auto, static, public, extern).

How do you declare constants?

2008-10-03T02:49:00.001-07:00

The const specifier indicates that the declared value cannot be modified. The class of a constant may be either public or static. If no class is explicitly declared, the constant is assigned the default class public. Once a constant is defined, it remains in existence until you exit WinRunner.
The syntax of this declaration is: [class] const name [= expression];

What does auto, static, public and extern variables means?

2008-10-03T02:48:00.002-07:00

auto: An auto variable can be declared only within a function and is local to that function. It exists only for as long as the function is running. A new copy of the variable is created each time the function is called.
static: A static variable is local to the function, test, or compiled module in which it is declared. The variable retains its value until the test is terminated by an Abort command. This variable is initialized each time the definition of the function is executed.
public: A public variable can be declared only within a test or module, and is available for all functions, tests, and compiled modules.
extern: An extern declaration indicates a reference to a public variable declared outside of the current test or module.

What is the use of treturn and texit statements in the test script?

2008-10-03T02:48:00.001-07:00

The treturn and texit statements are used to stop execution of called tests.
i. The treturn statement stops the current test and returns control to the calling test.
ii. The texit statement stops test execution entirely, unless tests are being called from a batch test. In this case, control is returned to the main batch test.
Both functions provide a return value for the called test. If treturn or texit is not used, or if no value is specified, then the return value of the call statement is 0.
The syntax is: treturn [( expression )]; texit [( expression )];

What is the use of putting call and call_close statements in the test script?

2008-10-03T02:47:00.000-07:00

You can use two types of call statements to invoke one test from another:
A call statement invokes a test from within another test.
A call_close statement invokes a test from within a script and closes the test when the test is completed.

What is the use of function generator?

2008-10-03T02:46:00.002-07:00

The Function Generator provides a quick, error-free way to program scripts. You can:
Add Context Sensitive functions that perform operations on a GUI object or get information from the application being tested.
Add Standard and Analog functions that perform non-Context Sensitive tasks such as synchronizing test execution or sending user-defined messages to a report.
Add Customization functions that enable you to modify WinRunner to suit your testing environment.

Which TSL function you will use to compare two files?

2008-10-03T02:46:00.001-07:00

We can compare 2 files in WinRunner using the file_compare function. Syntax: file_compare (file1, file2 [, save file]);

What is the purpose of tl_step command?

2008-10-03T02:45:00.000-07:00

Used to determine whether sections of a test pass or fail.
Syntax: tl_step(step_name, status, description);

What is a command to invoke application?

2008-10-03T02:44:00.002-07:00

Invoke_application is the function used to invoke an application.
Syntax: invoke_application(file, command_option, working_dir, SHOW);

How do you write messages to the report?

2008-10-03T02:44:00.001-07:00

To write message to a report we use the report_msg statement
Syntax: report_msg (message);

What is the difference between script and compile module?

2008-10-03T02:42:00.000-07:00

Test script contains the executable file in WinRunner while Compiled Module is used to store reusable functions. Complied modules are not executable.
WinRunner performs a pre-compilation automatically when it saves a module assigned a property value of Compiled Module.
By default, modules containing TSL code have a property value of "main". Main modules are called for execution from within other modules. Main modules are dynamically compiled into machine code only when WinRunner recognizes a "call" statement. Example of a call for the "app_init" script:
call cso_init();
call( "C:\\MyAppFolder\\" & "app_init" );
Compiled modules are loaded into memory to be referenced from TSL code in any module. Example of a load statement:
reload (C:\\MyAppFolder\\" & "flt_lib");
or load ("C:\\MyAppFolder\\" & "flt_lib");

What is a compile module?

2008-10-03T02:40:00.004-07:00

A compiled module is a script containing a library of user-defined functions that you want to call frequently from other tests. When you load a compiled module, its functions are automatically compiled and remain in memory. You can call them directly from within any test.
Compiled modules can improve the organization and performance of your tests. Since you debug compiled modules before using them, your tests will require less error-checking. In addition, calling a function that is already compiled is significantly faster than interpreting a function in a test script.

How to use data driver wizard?

2008-10-03T02:40:00.003-07:00

You can use the DataDriver Wizard to convert your entire script or a part of your script into a data-driven test. For example, your test script may include recorded operations, checkpoints, and other statements that do not need to be repeated for multiple sets of data. You need to parameterize only the portion of your test script that you want to run in a loop with multiple sets of data.
To create a data-driven test:
• If you want to turn only part of your test script into a data-driven test, first select those lines in the test script.
• Choose Tools - DataDriver Wizard.
• If you want to turn only part of the test into a data-driven test, click Cancel. Select those lines in the test script and reopen the DataDriver Wizard. If you want to turn the entire test into a data-driven test, click Next.
• The Use a new or existing Excel table box displays the name of the Excel file that WinRunner creates, which stores the data for the data-driven test. Accept the default data table for this test, enter a different name for the data table, or use
• The browse button to locate the path of an existing data table. By default, the data table is stored in the test folder.
• In the Assign a name to the variable box, enter a variable name with which to refer to the data table, or accept the default name, table.
• At the beginning of a data-driven test, the Excel data table you selected is assigned as the value of the table variable. Throughout the script, only the table variable name is used. This makes it easy for you to assign a different data table
• To the script at a later time without making changes throughout the script.
• Choose from among the following options:
1. Add statements to create a data-driven test: Automatically adds statements to run your test in a loop: sets a variable name by which to refer to the data table; adds braces ({and}), a for statement, and a ddt_get_row_count statement to your test script selection to run it in a loop while it reads from the data table; adds ddt_open and ddt_close statements
2. To your test script to open and close the data table, which are necessary in order to iterate rows in the table. Note that you can also add these statements to your test script manually.
3. If you do not choose this option, you will receive a warning that your data-driven test must contain a loop and statements to open and close your datatable.
4. Import data from a database: Imports data from a database. This option adds ddt_update_from_db, and ddt_save statements to your test script after the ddt_open statement.
5. Note that in order to import data from a database, either Microsoft Query or Data Junction must be installed on your machine. You can install Microsoft Query from the custom installation of Microsoft Office. Note that Data Junction is not automatically included in your WinRunner package. To purchase Data Junction, contact your Mercury Interactive representative. For detailed information on working with Data Junction, refer to the documentation in the Data Junction package.
6. Parameterize the test: Replaces fixed values in selected checkpoints and in recorded statements with parameters, using the ddt_val function, and in the data table, adds columns with variable values for the parameters. Line by line: Opens a wizard screen for each line of the selected test script, which enables you to decide whether to parameterize a particular line, and if so, whether to add a new column to the data table or use an existing column when parameterizing data.
7. Automatically: Replaces all data with ddt_val statements and adds new columns to the data table. The first argument of the function is the name of the column in the data table. The replaced data is inserted into the table.
• The Test script line to parameterize box displays the line of the test script to parameterize. The highlighted value can be replaced by a parameter. The Argument to be replaced box displays the argument (value) that you can replace with a parameter. You can use the arrows to select a different argument to replace.
Choose whether and how to replace the selected data:
1. Do not replace this data: Does not parameterize this data.
2. An existing column: If parameters already exist in the data table for this test, select an existing parameter from the list.
3. A new column: Creates a new column for this parameter in the data table for this test. Adds the selected data to this column of the data table. The default name for the new parameter is the logical name of the object in the selected. TSL statement above. Accept this name or assign a new name.
• The final screen of the wizard opens.
1. If you want the data table to open after you close the wizard, select Show data table now.
2. To perform the tasks specified in previous screens and close the wizard, click Finish.
3. To close the wizard without making any changes to the test script, click Cancel.
Q: How do you handle object exceptions?
During testing, unexpected changes can occur to GUI objects in the application you are testing. These changes are often subtle but they can disrupt the test run and distort results.
You could use exception handling to detect a change in property of the GUI object during the test run, and to recover test execution by calling a handler function and continue with the test execution

What are the steps of creating a data driven test?

2008-10-03T02:40:00.001-07:00

The steps involved in data driven testing are:
Creating a test
Converting to a data-driven test and preparing a database
Running the test
Analyzing the test results.

Which TSL functions you will use for Searching text on the window ?

2008-10-03T02:38:00.000-07:00

find_text ( string, out_coord_array, search_area [, string_def ] );
win_find_text ( window, string, result_array [, search_area [, string_def ] ] );

How to get Text from screen area ?

2008-10-03T02:37:00.002-07:00

We use win_get_text (window, out_text [, x1, y1, x2, y2]) function to get the text from a window.

How to get Text from object/window ?

2008-10-03T02:37:00.001-07:00

We use obj_get_text (logical_name, out_text) function to get the text from an object
We use win_get_text (window, out_text [, x1, y1, x2, y2]) function to get the text from a window.

What check points you will use to read and check text on the GUI and explain its syntax?

2008-10-03T02:36:00.003-07:00

• You can use text checkpoints in your test scripts to read and check text in GUI objects and in areas of the screen. While creating a test you point to an object or a window containing text. WinRunner reads the text and writes a TSL statement to the test script. You may then add simple programming elements to your test scripts to verify the contents of the text.
• You can use a text checkpoint to:
o Read text from a GUI object or window in your application, using obj_get_text and win_get_text
o Search for text in an object or window, using win_find_text and obj_find_text
o Move the mouse pointer to text in an object or window, using obj_move_locator_text and win_move_locator_text
o Click on text in an object or window, using obj_click_on_text and win_click_on_text

How do you create parameterize SQL commands?

2008-10-03T02:36:00.001-07:00

A parameterized query is a query in which at least one of the fields of the WHERE clause is parameterized, i.e., the value of the field is specified by a question mark symbol ( ? ). For example, the following SQL statement is based on a query on the database in the sample Flight Reservation application:
SELECT Flights.Departure, Flights.Flight_Number, Flights.Day_Of_Week FROM Flights Flights WHERE (Flights.Departure=?) AND (Flights.Day_Of_Week=?)
SELECT defines the columns to include in the query.
FROM specifies the path of the database.
WHERE (optional) specifies the conditions, or filters to use in the query. Departure is the parameter that represents the departure point of a flight.
Day_Of_Week is the parameter that represents the day of the week of a flight.
When creating a database checkpoint, you insert a db_check statement into your test script. When you parameterize the SQL statement in your checkpoint, the db_check function has a fourth, optional, argument: the parameter_array argument. A statement similar to the following is inserted into your test script:
db_check("list1.cdl", "dbvf1", NO_LIMIT, dbvf1_params);
The parameter_array argument will contain the values to substitute for the parameters in the parameterized checkpoint.