ISTQB: International Software Testing Qualification Board
CSTE :Certified Software Tester
In ISTQB,Two Types are there:
1)Foundation Level
2)Advanced Level
For Foundation Level:
i) Eligibility:The candidate should
atleast learn Software Testing basics.
For Advanced Level :
i)should have minimum 2 Testing experience
years
Thursday, April 2, 2009
CSTE-certified software testing engineer April 22nd 2006
Objective Questions:
1. Which communication skill will be neglected by most
a. Reading
b. Listening
c. Writing
2. Therapeutic listening is
a. Sympathetic listening
b. Listening to pieces of information…
3. Which model demonstrates relation between 2 or more parameters of effort, duration or resource?
a. Cost
b. Constraint
c. Function Point
4. In which model expertise can be used to estimate cost
a. Top-Down
b. Expert Judgment
c. Bottom-Up
5. Two objective questions on responsibility like who is responsible in issuing IT policy, work policy etc.
6. Fit for use is
a. Transcendent
b. Product Based
c. User Based
d. Value Based
7. Re-Use of data is done in which type of testing (Similar type 2 questions on retesting and regression testing)
a. Capture/Play back
b. System Testing
c. Regression Testing
d. Integration Testing
8. one question each on configuration management / Change Management / Version Control.
9. In Acceptance testing, which data is used.
a. Test Cases
b. Use Case
c. Test Plan
10. In four components of FIT, reliability is included in (Similar type 2 qs)
a. Data
b. People
c. Structure
d. Rules
11. Obligations of both contractual parties should be spelled out in
a. What is done
b. Who does it
c. When it is done
d. How it is done
12. Dates on which Obligations need to be filled out should be specified in
a. What is done
b. Who does it
c. When it is done
d. How it is done
13. Two questions on Internal Auditor and Internal Control responsibilities
14. One question on ERM model
15. One question on Control Frame Work Model
16. Two questions on CMM 5 levels of maturity (Like in which level controls are implemented).
Subjective Questions:
1. You gave the software for independent testers. You are responsible for Unit, Integration, System and Acceptance testing. Explain about each testing methods and tell which testing can be given to Independent Testing and Which for development team.
2. Tell about any 3 tools and vendor of the tools.
3. One question on Optimum testing.
4. You developed Risk Plan, Test Plan, Test Scripts. You are doing testing. At this point you got major requirements change. What changes are required to in-corporate these changes in your plan.
5. Explain about
Complexity Measures
Data Flow Analysis
Symbolic Execution
6. Acceptance Test Plan for “Inventory Control Software” contents and explanation.
7. What are CSFs. What are the CSFs that u ll look for in a contactor delivered software. Define them.
8. Security Vulnerabilities for e-comm application.
9. E-commerce project is newly developed in your organization. You are not able to test all types of Operating Systems and Browsers. Prepare mitigation plan.
10. Explain V-Model.
11. Reliability and maintainability are certain Quality factors given explicitly in the requirements. If so, list a few other QFs for a web based project and write the rationale for selecting the same.
12. 5 important things you consider for writing test plan, why do you think they are important.
13. The UI for a defect management tool.
14. Difference between Acceptance and System Testing.
15. Mention and write on a few techniques for the defect prevention - internal control testing.
16. 3 important issues for wireless technology.
17. One question on Pareto Charts - Like gave a scenario for no. of critical, minor and major bugs and no. of days to fix the bugs. Analyze the scenario.
18. What are important Quality factors that u will test for in a multiple workstation scenario that u will not do in a single work station scenario.
19. The contents of a system test report.
20. List 5 test metrics and explain how u can use them.
21. Which steps in a testing process are defect prone- explain why?
22. What according to you are the important docs that u would refer when u r testing a change that has been made in a project that has been released.(i.e. operational)
23. What do u mean by defect expectation. How can u use it for improving the testing process.
24. Mention three techniques for unit testing. State an objective for unit testing, Based on those, how will ensure that the unit testing has complied to the expectations.
25. Steps involved in testing for security.
26. What are the important things that u ll look for during a demo of a contractor software.
27. How do u use control charts for controlling the testing process. Explain control charts.
28. If the code to be delivered will be delivered after a week but no change in release date, how will you as test manager plan yr test. (a question that has appeared in lot of previous question papers. the phrasing is wrong here. but the same)
29. As a test manager - test skill set relates question.
CSTE-certified software testing engineer Sept 16th 2006
Part 1 - Objective – 50 Questions – 45 Min.
Part 2 - Subjective – 10 Questions – 75 Min.
Part 3 - Objective – 50 Questions – 45 Min.
Part 4 - Subjective – 10 Questions – 75 Min.
Objective Questions
1. As a general rule, __________ measures are much more important.
a. Subjective
b. Objective
2. If the measurement taken by the two people are same refers to the term as
a. Reliability
b. Validity
c. Calibration
d. Ease of Use and Simplicity
3. The term __________ refers the degree to which a measure actually measures what it was intended to measure.
a. Reliability
b. Validity
c. Calibration
d. Ease of Use and Simplicity
4. When basic quality aspects have been identified the “standards” should be defined by
a. IT Team
b. Project Manager
c. Quality Assurance personal
d. Management
e. Development Team
5. The “standards” for the software developed using new technology should be defined by
a. IT Team
b. Project Manager
c. Quality Assurance personal
d. Management
e. Development Team
6. If the COTS software developed by the contractor which is from the another country, then the following problem arises:
a. Cultural differences
b. Communication barriers
c. The two words having the same name in diff. countries
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
7. The ‘V’ represents the following term:
a. Verification and Validation
b. Static testing and Dynamic testing
c. Black box and White Box testing
d. Software development process and Software testing process
8. Test Readiness Review is conducted by the
a. Project Manager
b. Test Manager
c. Quality Assurance Personnel
d. User/Customer
9. Acceptance testing is the ________ type of testing
a. Black box testing
b. White box testing
c. Shoe box testing
d. Structural testing
10. __________ is not the White box testing technique.
a. Condition Coverage
b. Decision Coverage
c. Test script coverage
d. User specified Data coverage
e. All of the above
11. Event identification, Risk Response are the term defined in the ___internal control model
a. COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Model
b. COSO Internal Control Model
c. CobiT Model
12. A statistical technique to assess, monitor and maintain the stability of a process.
a. Pareto Chart
b. Control Chart
c. Run Chart
d. Cause and Effect Diagram
e. Histogram
13. Determination to continue with the software development or not is determined from the
a. Inspection
b. In-process Review
c. Phase end review
d. Don’t remember other options
14. The following is the component for the FIT
a. Data
b. Structure
c. People
d. Rule
e. All of the above
15. A major obstacle for deployment of wireless networks is in the
a. Standards
b. Coverage
c. Security
16. Hand-held and internet enabled devices are example of
a. Electronic equipment
b. Wireless Applications
c. Computer devices
17. Therapeutic listening is
a. Sympathetic listening
b. Listening to pieces of information…
c. Analyzing the listening of the speaker
18. Function point is a measure of
a. Effort
b. Complexity
c. Usability
d. Size
19. Acceptance Testing is the responsibility of the:
a. Programmer
b. Project Leader
c. Independent Tester
d. Assistance programmer
e. User
20. While deciding the Test tool the following factors should be considered
a. Testing for the next builds/releases after making changes
b. Testing where large volumes of data is required
c. Testing based on the UI interface
d. All of the above
b
a. Customer says the product is ready
b. Tester says the testing is completed
c. Don’t remember the other options
22. Auxiliary code which sets up an appropriate environment and calls the module is termed as
a. Driver
b. Function
c. Stub
d. None of the above
Subjective Questions:]
1. Define the guidelines that are helpful in developing compatibility and motivation of a Software project team.
2. Draw the Pareto chart and explain about it.
3. How do u use control charts for controlling the testing process. Explain control Charts with the diagram.
4. You gave the software for independent testers. You are responsible for Unit, Integration, System, Regression and Acceptance testing. Explain about each testing methods and tell which testing can be given to Independent Testing and Which for development team.
5. Define the Risk, Risk analysis, threat, vulnerability and Control.
6. Explain and diagram report which will be used for reporting uncorrected and corrected defects to the development team?
7. List 5 important things you consider for writing test plan, why do you think they are important.
8. List 5 important parts of an Acceptance test plan and briefly explain the importance of it to your customer.
9. Aspects of computer software that should be observed during the demonstration of COTS software?
Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) is a term for software or hardware products that are ready-made and available for sale, lease, or license to the general public. They are often used as alternatives to in-house developments or one-off government-funded developments. The use of COTS is being mandated across many government and business programs, as they may offer significant savings in procurement and maintenance. However, since COTS software specifications are written by external sources, government agencies are sometimes leery of these products because they fear that future changes to the product will not be in their control.
10. What are the product standards for a. Test Plan b. Test Script c. Test Report
Part 2 - Subjective – 10 Questions – 75 Min.
Part 3 - Objective – 50 Questions – 45 Min.
Part 4 - Subjective – 10 Questions – 75 Min.
Objective Questions
1. As a general rule, __________ measures are much more important.
a. Subjective
b. Objective
2. If the measurement taken by the two people are same refers to the term as
a. Reliability
b. Validity
c. Calibration
d. Ease of Use and Simplicity
3. The term __________ refers the degree to which a measure actually measures what it was intended to measure.
a. Reliability
b. Validity
c. Calibration
d. Ease of Use and Simplicity
4. When basic quality aspects have been identified the “standards” should be defined by
a. IT Team
b. Project Manager
c. Quality Assurance personal
d. Management
e. Development Team
5. The “standards” for the software developed using new technology should be defined by
a. IT Team
b. Project Manager
c. Quality Assurance personal
d. Management
e. Development Team
6. If the COTS software developed by the contractor which is from the another country, then the following problem arises:
a. Cultural differences
b. Communication barriers
c. The two words having the same name in diff. countries
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
7. The ‘V’ represents the following term:
a. Verification and Validation
b. Static testing and Dynamic testing
c. Black box and White Box testing
d. Software development process and Software testing process
8. Test Readiness Review is conducted by the
a. Project Manager
b. Test Manager
c. Quality Assurance Personnel
d. User/Customer
9. Acceptance testing is the ________ type of testing
a. Black box testing
b. White box testing
c. Shoe box testing
d. Structural testing
10. __________ is not the White box testing technique.
a. Condition Coverage
b. Decision Coverage
c. Test script coverage
d. User specified Data coverage
e. All of the above
11. Event identification, Risk Response are the term defined in the ___internal control model
a. COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Model
b. COSO Internal Control Model
c. CobiT Model
12. A statistical technique to assess, monitor and maintain the stability of a process.
a. Pareto Chart
b. Control Chart
c. Run Chart
d. Cause and Effect Diagram
e. Histogram
13. Determination to continue with the software development or not is determined from the
a. Inspection
b. In-process Review
c. Phase end review
d. Don’t remember other options
14. The following is the component for the FIT
a. Data
b. Structure
c. People
d. Rule
e. All of the above
15. A major obstacle for deployment of wireless networks is in the
a. Standards
b. Coverage
c. Security
16. Hand-held and internet enabled devices are example of
a. Electronic equipment
b. Wireless Applications
c. Computer devices
17. Therapeutic listening is
a. Sympathetic listening
b. Listening to pieces of information…
c. Analyzing the listening of the speaker
18. Function point is a measure of
a. Effort
b. Complexity
c. Usability
d. Size
19. Acceptance Testing is the responsibility of the:
a. Programmer
b. Project Leader
c. Independent Tester
d. Assistance programmer
e. User
20. While deciding the Test tool the following factors should be considered
a. Testing for the next builds/releases after making changes
b. Testing where large volumes of data is required
c. Testing based on the UI interface
d. All of the above
b
a. Customer says the product is ready
b. Tester says the testing is completed
c. Don’t remember the other options
22. Auxiliary code which sets up an appropriate environment and calls the module is termed as
a. Driver
b. Function
c. Stub
d. None of the above
Subjective Questions:]
1. Define the guidelines that are helpful in developing compatibility and motivation of a Software project team.
2. Draw the Pareto chart and explain about it.
3. How do u use control charts for controlling the testing process. Explain control Charts with the diagram.
4. You gave the software for independent testers. You are responsible for Unit, Integration, System, Regression and Acceptance testing. Explain about each testing methods and tell which testing can be given to Independent Testing and Which for development team.
5. Define the Risk, Risk analysis, threat, vulnerability and Control.
6. Explain and diagram report which will be used for reporting uncorrected and corrected defects to the development team?
7. List 5 important things you consider for writing test plan, why do you think they are important.
8. List 5 important parts of an Acceptance test plan and briefly explain the importance of it to your customer.
9. Aspects of computer software that should be observed during the demonstration of COTS software?
Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) is a term for software or hardware products that are ready-made and available for sale, lease, or license to the general public. They are often used as alternatives to in-house developments or one-off government-funded developments. The use of COTS is being mandated across many government and business programs, as they may offer significant savings in procurement and maintenance. However, since COTS software specifications are written by external sources, government agencies are sometimes leery of these products because they fear that future changes to the product will not be in their control.
10. What are the product standards for a. Test Plan b. Test Script c. Test Report
CSTE-certified software testing engineer- JUNE 17th 2006
Objective Questions:
1. A question on fit components. Which of the following contributes to fit.
a. Data b. Structure c. People d. Rule e. All of the above
2. Reliability, timeliness, consistency are included in which component of fit
a. Data b. Structure c. People d. Rule
3. Who will develop the test process for software development using new technology?
a. Management b. Project team c. Auditor d. Tester and few more options
4. Which of the following are relatively complete acceptance criteria?
a. Performance should increase b. Response time should be with in 10 sec Few more statements.
5. One question was on "Experienced people can be used as a tool for estimating the cost- Budgeting"
6. The communication type which is rarely emphasized
a. Listening Few more options...
7. There were 2 questions on maturity level e.g which level enforces control for technology.
8. There were 3 question on standard, policy and procedure.
9. Which of the following model has these steps .. event identification , risk assessment, risk response
a. ERM b. COSO internal control framework c. CobiT model
10. Utilize the computer resources to perform their work.. belong to which type of activity specified below
a. Interface b. Development c. Computer operation
11. Obligations of both contractual parties should be spelled out in detail in which part of the contract?
a. What b. Who c. When d. How
12. There was a question on "when the contracted software will be completed"
13. Test planning activity which includes starting and end time for each test milestone.
a. Budgeting b. Scheduling c. Estimation d. Staffing
Subjective Questions:
1. There are many factors like maintainability and reliability among softwares. Give 5 most important software quality factors that u would mention for testing a web based testing?
2. Create a Test plan for a simple project not a complex project?
3. Write a standard template for testplan, testscript, Status report of a project?
4. Design a screen which will show the fields necessary for a defect description? Diagram a defect reporting tool screen and label what all things you would need to mention to log a defect?
5. Question related to usecase like guidelines for writing usecase for customer?
6. Draw a control chart and explain how it can be used to see that the testing process is in control?
7. Difference between system test and acceptance test?
8. Aspects of computer software that should be observed during the demonstration of COTS software?
9. Define unit, integration, system, regression, acceptance testing and explain what would you recommend for the new independent test team formed. Previously in the organization, testing was being performed by software development team?
10. Explain any 4 factors for preventive controls?
11. Question on Security Testing technique. What tests you would include in the testplan for testing security with minimal knowledge about security testing?
12. Risks involved in testing wireless technology and how will u develop controls on it to gain confidence about the wireless technology used.
13. Give MEASUREMENTS for
a] Test Effectiveness and b] Test Efficiency
14. Your Company is about to roll out an E-Commerce application. It is not possible to test the application on all types of browsers on all platforms and operating systems. What steps would you take in the testing environment to reduce the business risks and commercial risks?
15. Developing compatibility and motivation with a test team helps assure effective testing. List at least four guidelines you would follow to develop compatibility and motivation within your test team?
16. In a development project Test planning, resource allocation , test scripting is also completed. Testing is being executed. At this stage if there is a major change in requirement, what will be the tester’s role here (actions in response to the changes) .- The question is already asked in one of the previous year papers .
17. There is a delay of 5 days in the development project. How will the tester handle the testing activities, without changing on resources, working time, …. - The question is already asked in one of the previous year papers.
18. Explanation on total number of defects found Vs defects corrected using Graph.
19. Explain and diagram report which will be used for reporting uncorrected and corrected defects to the development team?
20. one question on control chart
CSTE-certified software testing engineer-4
CSTE Sept 17, 2005:
Objective Paper1:
Q1. Who defined the standards?
A) ISO
B) QAI
Ans. ISO
Q2. Juran is famous for
A) Quality Control
B) Management
Ans. Quality Control
Q3. Which one is not Statistical Tool?
A) Cause & effect Graphing
B) Stratification
C) Run Chart
D) Regression Analysis
Ans. Cause & effect Graphing
Q4. Histogram refers to
A) Bar Chart
B) Run Chart
C) Pareto
Ans. Bar Chart
Q5. Who are there in External IT TEAM?
A) Non Developer
B) Customer/ User
Q6. Which one is not Structural Testing?
A) Regression
B) Parallel
c) Acceptance
d) Stress
Ans. Acceptance
Q7. Who is not part of Inspection?
A) Prj Manager
B) Author
c) Moderator
d) Reader
e) Inspetor
Ans. Prj Manager
Q8. Tester job is not to
A) Report Defect
b) Who entered the defect in system
Ans. Who entered the defect in system
Q9. Which one is not secondary role of tester
A) Raising Issues
b) Instilling Confidence
c) cts improving process
d) Insight
e) developer work
Ans. developer work
Q10. Acceptance testing is
A) White Box
b) Black box
c) White box & black Box
d) none of the above
Ans. Black box
Q11. Deming 14 principle includes
A) mobility of mgmt
b) new philosphy
c) adobt leadership
d) both b& c
e) both a & c
Ans. both b& c
Q12 Configuration Management tool used in which phase.
A) Unit tetsing
b) Integration
c) accepting
d) all the phases
Ans. all the phases
Q13. Max Defects created in which phases
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. Req
Q14. 50% Defect found in which phase
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. req
Q15. defects are least costly in which phase
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. req
Some questions from Paper2 are below:
1) Software inspections categorize defects as Wrong, Missing and Extra.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
2) The purpose of Risk Management in a project is to
A) Eliminate Risks
B) Minimize Risks
C) Avoid risks
D) Anticipate the risks
3) Testing of the system to demonstrate system compliance with user requirements is:
A) Black box testing
B) System testing
C) Independent testing
D) Acceptance Testing
4) Function point is a measure of
A) Effort
B) Complexity
C) Usability
D) None of the above
5) An activity that verifies compliance with policies and procedures and ensures that resources are conserved is
A) an inspection
B) an audit
C) a review
D) an assessment
6) Which is the application for the process management and quality improvement concepts to software development and maintenance.
A) Malcolm Baldridge
B) ISO 9000
C) QAI
D) QS14000
7) Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs?
A) 10-20
B) 30-60
C) 70-80
8) Software errors are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle?
A) Requirements
B) Construction
C) Acceptance test
D) Design
9) Which of the following test approaches is not a Functional test approach?
A) Control Technique
B) Stress Technique
C) Regression Technique
D) Cause/effect Graphing
E) Requirements
10) Effectiveness is doing things right and efficiency is doing the right things
A) True
B) False
11) Juran is famous for
A) Quality Control
B) Quality Assurance
C) Trend Analysis
12) Top down & Bottom Up are the part of Incremental Testing
A) True
B) False
13) Achieving quality requires:
A) Understanding the customers expectations
B) Exceeding the customers expectations
C) Meeting all the definitions of quality
D) Focusing on the customer
E.) All the above
14) Which is NOT the exit criteria for unit testing
Objective Paper3:
Q1. there is a application which is delivered to the customer now customer found bugs and assume each bug cost is $125 and there are 4 bugs found each day and there are 5 working day. What should be the cost to fix those bugs
A) $300
b) $25000
c) $ 15000
d) $ 13,000
e) $ 26,000
Ans $2500
Q2. Tester should know
A) Test planning
b) Automation tool
c) Defect tracking tool
d) programming language
Ans. Defect Tracking tool
Q3. Pareto Analysis
A) 80-20 rule
b) Trend analysis
Ans. 80-20 Rule
Q4. Testing efforts in SDLC
A) 10-20 %
b) 30-60%
c) 60-80%
d) 80-90%
Ans 30-60%
Q5. Critical Listening is
A) Listen analyses what speaker said
b) Listen what is required
c) Listen only summary
Ans. Listen analyses what speaker said
Q6. Who finds vulnuralibility in system?
A) ICO
b) ISS
c) It Manager
Ans. ICO
Q7. COQ is not
A) Production
b) Appraisal
c) Prevention
d) Failure
Ans. Production
Q8. Training come under what category cost of quality?
A) Appraisal
b) Preventive
c) Failure
d) none of the above
Ans. Preventive
Q9. Why testing is called negative
A) Easy
b) delay in implementation
c) No training reqd
Q10. Incremental testing is Top down & bottom Up testing
A)True B) false
Q11. Effectiveness is doing right thing & efficency is doing thing right
True/ false
Ans False
Q12. Which one is not part of DemindA) Plan
b) do
c) check
d) act
e) risk analysis
Ans. risk analysis
Q13. Defect fixed in which phase is lease cost
A) same phase
b) production
c) next phase
d) none
Ans. same phase
Q14. In White box testing test coverage is
a) Decision
b) Statement
c) branch
d) modified decision
e) user specified data coverage
Ans. Decision
Q15. Test Plan should not contain
A) Scope
b) Objective
c) Policy
d) Risk Analysis
Ans. policy
Q16. This question was on Test coverage?
Q17. Acceptance Testing is the responsibility of the:
A) Programmer
B) Project Leader
C) Independent Tester
D) Assistance programmer
E) User/Customer
Q18. Cost of Quality is least among
A) Prevention
B) Appraisal
C) Failure
Subjective Paper1: (Most of the subjective questions were from the back of CSTE book.)
1. Why we need to test the software.
2. Write the procedure for Test Plan, Test Script, Test Status Report.
3. You have to test the Web Application, what should be considered for the same.
4. Write test cases for the Data model & data field validation.
5. There is applications which can be accessible by one terminal & other by multiple terminals, write the points which won’t be considered for the Single terminal Application (Test factors)
6. Write the Test Strategy.
Subjective Paper 2:
1. Differentiate between Verification & validation. 15 marks
2. Define Test Efficiency & test Effectiveness. 15 marks
3. Your client would like to do Acceptance test on one of your projects but does not know to prepare a test plan for that. Describe the components that should be included in the test plan. 30 marks
4. You are the tester in the organization and organization thinks that the tester also introduce defects in the system, write the 5 such defects introduced by tester in the system. 15 marks
5. What is Over Testing? 15 marks
6. You have to do the Unit Testing of the system, define what is Unit testing and how it can be done, what are the types of it also how can you ensure that your application is compliance to the standards. 30 marks
7. Define Equivalence portioning, Boundary value Analysis and Error Guessing with examples. 15 marks
8. Your company is doing a project in automation of aircrafts and timing. You are asked to involve in the testing. What should be the testing strategy for that. One Airline Web Application has to be tested, write test factor or What is to be tested? (Landing & take off) 15 marks
9. Define
a) Boundary Analysis
b) Equivalent Partitioning
c) Error Guessing
Give one example for each.
Subjective Paper 1 - December 2005:
1. Describe four tests you would use to test COTS software.
2. A Web-application is to be installed but suspected that it will might fail in production. Describe four tests you would recommend to your manager to answer the question “How long it would take for the application to recover after it fails”
3. You are the Test Manager of a company, which has outsourced its testing activities. What you would state to your IT Manager in terms of your responsibilities as Test Manager to give him assurance that testing would be conducted properly
4. Describe any four processes you would establish in a test environment and why?
Subjective Paper 2 - December 2005:
1. What would you include in a defect report.
2. What is “v” in v-testing concept and list the stages.
3. Draw a Unit testing workbench, describe each activity in the workbench.
4. You are to introduce automated testing tools. List any four automated test tools with vendor name and why did you choose them.
5. Describe Risk, risk analysis, threat, vulnerability, internal control.
6. Describe statement, branch, condition, expression, path coverage
7. Describe any 3 defect-related metrics.
8. For a web-based application, list 4 important quality factors you would test for. Also state why are they important.
Objective Paper1:
Q1. Who defined the standards?
A) ISO
B) QAI
Ans. ISO
Q2. Juran is famous for
A) Quality Control
B) Management
Ans. Quality Control
Q3. Which one is not Statistical Tool?
A) Cause & effect Graphing
B) Stratification
C) Run Chart
D) Regression Analysis
Ans. Cause & effect Graphing
Q4. Histogram refers to
A) Bar Chart
B) Run Chart
C) Pareto
Ans. Bar Chart
Q5. Who are there in External IT TEAM?
A) Non Developer
B) Customer/ User
Q6. Which one is not Structural Testing?
A) Regression
B) Parallel
c) Acceptance
d) Stress
Ans. Acceptance
Q7. Who is not part of Inspection?
A) Prj Manager
B) Author
c) Moderator
d) Reader
e) Inspetor
Ans. Prj Manager
Q8. Tester job is not to
A) Report Defect
b) Who entered the defect in system
Ans. Who entered the defect in system
Q9. Which one is not secondary role of tester
A) Raising Issues
b) Instilling Confidence
c) cts improving process
d) Insight
e) developer work
Ans. developer work
Q10. Acceptance testing is
A) White Box
b) Black box
c) White box & black Box
d) none of the above
Ans. Black box
Q11. Deming 14 principle includes
A) mobility of mgmt
b) new philosphy
c) adobt leadership
d) both b& c
e) both a & c
Ans. both b& c
Q12 Configuration Management tool used in which phase.
A) Unit tetsing
b) Integration
c) accepting
d) all the phases
Ans. all the phases
Q13. Max Defects created in which phases
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. Req
Q14. 50% Defect found in which phase
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. req
Q15. defects are least costly in which phase
A) req
b) design
c) Implementaion
d) Coding
Ans. req
Some questions from Paper2 are below:
1) Software inspections categorize defects as Wrong, Missing and Extra.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
2) The purpose of Risk Management in a project is to
A) Eliminate Risks
B) Minimize Risks
C) Avoid risks
D) Anticipate the risks
3) Testing of the system to demonstrate system compliance with user requirements is:
A) Black box testing
B) System testing
C) Independent testing
D) Acceptance Testing
4) Function point is a measure of
A) Effort
B) Complexity
C) Usability
D) None of the above
5) An activity that verifies compliance with policies and procedures and ensures that resources are conserved is
A) an inspection
B) an audit
C) a review
D) an assessment
6) Which is the application for the process management and quality improvement concepts to software development and maintenance.
A) Malcolm Baldridge
B) ISO 9000
C) QAI
D) QS14000
7) Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs?
A) 10-20
B) 30-60
C) 70-80
8) Software errors are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle?
A) Requirements
B) Construction
C) Acceptance test
D) Design
9) Which of the following test approaches is not a Functional test approach?
A) Control Technique
B) Stress Technique
C) Regression Technique
D) Cause/effect Graphing
E) Requirements
10) Effectiveness is doing things right and efficiency is doing the right things
A) True
B) False
11) Juran is famous for
A) Quality Control
B) Quality Assurance
C) Trend Analysis
12) Top down & Bottom Up are the part of Incremental Testing
A) True
B) False
13) Achieving quality requires:
A) Understanding the customers expectations
B) Exceeding the customers expectations
C) Meeting all the definitions of quality
D) Focusing on the customer
E.) All the above
14) Which is NOT the exit criteria for unit testing
Objective Paper3:
Q1. there is a application which is delivered to the customer now customer found bugs and assume each bug cost is $125 and there are 4 bugs found each day and there are 5 working day. What should be the cost to fix those bugs
A) $300
b) $25000
c) $ 15000
d) $ 13,000
e) $ 26,000
Ans $2500
Q2. Tester should know
A) Test planning
b) Automation tool
c) Defect tracking tool
d) programming language
Ans. Defect Tracking tool
Q3. Pareto Analysis
A) 80-20 rule
b) Trend analysis
Ans. 80-20 Rule
Q4. Testing efforts in SDLC
A) 10-20 %
b) 30-60%
c) 60-80%
d) 80-90%
Ans 30-60%
Q5. Critical Listening is
A) Listen analyses what speaker said
b) Listen what is required
c) Listen only summary
Ans. Listen analyses what speaker said
Q6. Who finds vulnuralibility in system?
A) ICO
b) ISS
c) It Manager
Ans. ICO
Q7. COQ is not
A) Production
b) Appraisal
c) Prevention
d) Failure
Ans. Production
Q8. Training come under what category cost of quality?
A) Appraisal
b) Preventive
c) Failure
d) none of the above
Ans. Preventive
Q9. Why testing is called negative
A) Easy
b) delay in implementation
c) No training reqd
Q10. Incremental testing is Top down & bottom Up testing
A)True B) false
Q11. Effectiveness is doing right thing & efficency is doing thing right
True/ false
Ans False
Q12. Which one is not part of DemindA) Plan
b) do
c) check
d) act
e) risk analysis
Ans. risk analysis
Q13. Defect fixed in which phase is lease cost
A) same phase
b) production
c) next phase
d) none
Ans. same phase
Q14. In White box testing test coverage is
a) Decision
b) Statement
c) branch
d) modified decision
e) user specified data coverage
Ans. Decision
Q15. Test Plan should not contain
A) Scope
b) Objective
c) Policy
d) Risk Analysis
Ans. policy
Q16. This question was on Test coverage?
Q17. Acceptance Testing is the responsibility of the:
A) Programmer
B) Project Leader
C) Independent Tester
D) Assistance programmer
E) User/Customer
Q18. Cost of Quality is least among
A) Prevention
B) Appraisal
C) Failure
Subjective Paper1: (Most of the subjective questions were from the back of CSTE book.)
1. Why we need to test the software.
2. Write the procedure for Test Plan, Test Script, Test Status Report.
3. You have to test the Web Application, what should be considered for the same.
4. Write test cases for the Data model & data field validation.
5. There is applications which can be accessible by one terminal & other by multiple terminals, write the points which won’t be considered for the Single terminal Application (Test factors)
6. Write the Test Strategy.
Subjective Paper 2:
1. Differentiate between Verification & validation. 15 marks
2. Define Test Efficiency & test Effectiveness. 15 marks
3. Your client would like to do Acceptance test on one of your projects but does not know to prepare a test plan for that. Describe the components that should be included in the test plan. 30 marks
4. You are the tester in the organization and organization thinks that the tester also introduce defects in the system, write the 5 such defects introduced by tester in the system. 15 marks
5. What is Over Testing? 15 marks
6. You have to do the Unit Testing of the system, define what is Unit testing and how it can be done, what are the types of it also how can you ensure that your application is compliance to the standards. 30 marks
7. Define Equivalence portioning, Boundary value Analysis and Error Guessing with examples. 15 marks
8. Your company is doing a project in automation of aircrafts and timing. You are asked to involve in the testing. What should be the testing strategy for that. One Airline Web Application has to be tested, write test factor or What is to be tested? (Landing & take off) 15 marks
9. Define
a) Boundary Analysis
b) Equivalent Partitioning
c) Error Guessing
Give one example for each.
Subjective Paper 1 - December 2005:
1. Describe four tests you would use to test COTS software.
2. A Web-application is to be installed but suspected that it will might fail in production. Describe four tests you would recommend to your manager to answer the question “How long it would take for the application to recover after it fails”
3. You are the Test Manager of a company, which has outsourced its testing activities. What you would state to your IT Manager in terms of your responsibilities as Test Manager to give him assurance that testing would be conducted properly
4. Describe any four processes you would establish in a test environment and why?
Subjective Paper 2 - December 2005:
1. What would you include in a defect report.
2. What is “v” in v-testing concept and list the stages.
3. Draw a Unit testing workbench, describe each activity in the workbench.
4. You are to introduce automated testing tools. List any four automated test tools with vendor name and why did you choose them.
5. Describe Risk, risk analysis, threat, vulnerability, internal control.
6. Describe statement, branch, condition, expression, path coverage
7. Describe any 3 defect-related metrics.
8. For a web-based application, list 4 important quality factors you would test for. Also state why are they important.
HP QTP Certification HP-M016 Practice Exam Questions - 1
Q1. How many tabs are there in Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
Q2. 'Browser navigation timeout' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings) window?
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Web Settings
Q3. Identify the tabs in the Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
B) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web Settings,Recovery
C) Properties, Run Options, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
D) Properties, Run, Resources, Input Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
Q4. 'Generate Script' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Recovery
Q5. For each object and method in an Expert View statement, a corresponding row exists in the Keyword View.
A) True
B) False
C) There is some problem with the statement.
D) None of above
Q6. The following are the four main columns in the Keyword view
A) Item, Operation, Value, Comments
B) Item, Operation, Value, Documentation
C) Item, Operation, Property, Documentation
D) Number, Operation, Value, Documentation
Q7. You can work on one or several function libraries at the same time.
A) True
B) False
Q8. You can insert additional steps on the test objects captured in the Active screen after the recording session.
A) True
B) False
Q9. The Active Screen enables you to parameterize object values and insert checkpoints?
A) True
B) False
Q10. A QTP user can increase or decrease the active screen information saved with the test?
A) True
B) False
Q11. The toolbar enables you to view the details of an individual action or the entire test flow is:
A. Testing toolbar
B. None of the above
C. Action toolbar
D. Test Pane
Q12. The key that is used to Start/End analog recording mode ?
A. F3
B. SHIFT+ALT+F3
C. CTRL+SHIFT+F3
D. F10
Q13. QuickTest supports virtual object for analog or low-level recording.
A. False
B. True
Q14. To use a specific property to identify your object, but that property is not listed in the properties list. Then how do you identify that object?
A. Add the specific property to the list
B. Use the Default property
C. Use some other property to identify your object
Q15. The checkpoint used to check the alt attribute exists for all relevant objects (such as images) is
A. Database CheckPoint
B. Accessibility checkpoint
C. Bitmap checkpoint
D. Standard checkpoint
Q16. Bitmap checkpoint is supported in VB environment.
A. True
B. False
Q17. Can we parameterize the checkpoints properties?
A. No
B. Yes
Q18. What is the shortcut key that is used for a Standard Checkpoint?
A. F12
B. F2
C. F10
D. F7
Q19. Can we change name of checkpoint?
A. No
B. Yes
Q20. To compare the values of the specified property during a run session with the values stored for the same test object property within the test.
A. Checkpoint
B. All the above
C. Output Value
D. Compare the object property
Q21. You will use which recording mode for an object not recognized by QuickTest?
A. Low-Level Recording Mode
B. Normal recording Mode
C. Analog Mode
Q22. The statement that calls the recorded analog file is:
A. RunAnalog
B. CallAnalog
C. ExecuteAnalog
Q23. An action can be called by other tests or actions is:
A. Call Action
B. Split Action
C. Reusable Action
Q24. You can replace the page in your Active Screen tab:
A. False
B. True
Q25. QuickTest adds a checkpoint statement in the Expert View as:
A. Check Checkpoint
B. Checkpoint
Q26. A Checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed within a defined area in a Windows application is:
A. Accessibility
B. Text Area
C. Standard
D. Text
Q27. In ACTIVE X environment, an ACCESSIBILITY checkpoint is supported?
A. No
B. Yes
Q28. Can we get the execution time for an action in a Test?
A. Yes
B. No
Q29. Can we add external library files in QTP?
1. No
2. Yes
Q30. The method used to get data from HTML Table is
A. GetData(Row,Col)
B. GetRowValue(Rowid,Colname)
C. GetCellData (Row,Col)
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
Q2. 'Browser navigation timeout' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings) window?
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Web Settings
Q3. Identify the tabs in the Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
B) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web Settings,Recovery
C) Properties, Run Options, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
D) Properties, Run, Resources, Input Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
Q4. 'Generate Script' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Recovery
Q5. For each object and method in an Expert View statement, a corresponding row exists in the Keyword View.
A) True
B) False
C) There is some problem with the statement.
D) None of above
Q6. The following are the four main columns in the Keyword view
A) Item, Operation, Value, Comments
B) Item, Operation, Value, Documentation
C) Item, Operation, Property, Documentation
D) Number, Operation, Value, Documentation
Q7. You can work on one or several function libraries at the same time.
A) True
B) False
Q8. You can insert additional steps on the test objects captured in the Active screen after the recording session.
A) True
B) False
Q9. The Active Screen enables you to parameterize object values and insert checkpoints?
A) True
B) False
Q10. A QTP user can increase or decrease the active screen information saved with the test?
A) True
B) False
Q11. The toolbar enables you to view the details of an individual action or the entire test flow is:
A. Testing toolbar
B. None of the above
C. Action toolbar
D. Test Pane
Q12. The key that is used to Start/End analog recording mode ?
A. F3
B. SHIFT+ALT+F3
C. CTRL+SHIFT+F3
D. F10
Q13. QuickTest supports virtual object for analog or low-level recording.
A. False
B. True
Q14. To use a specific property to identify your object, but that property is not listed in the properties list. Then how do you identify that object?
A. Add the specific property to the list
B. Use the Default property
C. Use some other property to identify your object
Q15. The checkpoint used to check the alt attribute exists for all relevant objects (such as images) is
A. Database CheckPoint
B. Accessibility checkpoint
C. Bitmap checkpoint
D. Standard checkpoint
Q16. Bitmap checkpoint is supported in VB environment.
A. True
B. False
Q17. Can we parameterize the checkpoints properties?
A. No
B. Yes
Q18. What is the shortcut key that is used for a Standard Checkpoint?
A. F12
B. F2
C. F10
D. F7
Q19. Can we change name of checkpoint?
A. No
B. Yes
Q20. To compare the values of the specified property during a run session with the values stored for the same test object property within the test.
A. Checkpoint
B. All the above
C. Output Value
D. Compare the object property
Q21. You will use which recording mode for an object not recognized by QuickTest?
A. Low-Level Recording Mode
B. Normal recording Mode
C. Analog Mode
Q22. The statement that calls the recorded analog file is:
A. RunAnalog
B. CallAnalog
C. ExecuteAnalog
Q23. An action can be called by other tests or actions is:
A. Call Action
B. Split Action
C. Reusable Action
Q24. You can replace the page in your Active Screen tab:
A. False
B. True
Q25. QuickTest adds a checkpoint statement in the Expert View as:
A. Check Checkpoint
B. Checkpoint
Q26. A Checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed within a defined area in a Windows application is:
A. Accessibility
B. Text Area
C. Standard
D. Text
Q27. In ACTIVE X environment, an ACCESSIBILITY checkpoint is supported?
A. No
B. Yes
Q28. Can we get the execution time for an action in a Test?
A. Yes
B. No
Q29. Can we add external library files in QTP?
1. No
2. Yes
Q30. The method used to get data from HTML Table is
A. GetData(Row,Col)
B. GetRowValue(Rowid,Colname)
C. GetCellData (Row,Col)
HP QTP Certification HP-M016 Practice Exam Questions - 2
Q1. The Command used to insert the transactions in test is:
A. StartTransaction(Name�), EndTransaction(Name�)B
. Services.StartTransaction "Name", Services.EndTransaction "Name"
C. StartTransaction.services "Name�, EndTransaction.services "Name"
Q2. A step in which one or more values are captured at a specific point in your test and stored for the duration of the run session is:
A. Output Value
B. Checkpoints
C. Active Screen
Q3. QTP can detects an application crash and activate a defined recovery scenario to continue the run session.
A. True
B. false
Q4. In Batch Test process, the test list are saved in file format as:
A. *.mtb
B. *.mts
C. *.mbt
D. *.mtr
Q5. The command used to invoke other application from QTP:
A. InvokeApplication
B. SystemUtil.Run
C. Run
D. Both b & c
E. Both a & b
Q6. The command used to retrieve data from excel sheet is
A. Set ab = Connection("srcfilepath ") , Set ws = ab.getdata(sheetid)
B. Set ab = CreateObject("srcfilepath ") , Set ws = ab.getsheet(sheetid)
C. Set ab = GetObject("srcfilepath") , Set ws = ab.worksheets(sheetid)
Q7. The method that explicitly activates the recovery scenario mechanism is:
A. recovery.activate
B. enable
C. recovery.enable
D. activate
Q8. The method used for sending information to the test results is:
A. Reporter.log()
B. Reporter.reportevent()
C. Reporter.msgbox()
D. Reporter.report()
Q9. To terminate an application that is not responding we use:
A. SystemUtil.terminate
B. SystemUtil.Stop
C. SystemUtil.CloseProcessByName
Q10. The recovery mechanism does not handle triggers that occur in the last step of a test:
A. false
B. True
Q11. We can add Test object methods, function calls into the Test using:
A. Function generator
B. Step generator
C. Object repository
Q12. The method that adds to the test while implementing synchronization is:
A. Synchronize
B. Wait
C. WaitProperty
D. Pause
Q13. The mechanism used to identify objects during run session is:
A. Recovery scenario
B. Smart identification
C. Handling object
Q14. Post-recovery test run options specifies:
A. how to continue the run session after QTP identify the event
B. errors while running
C. recovery scenario during a run session
Q15. The action that can be called multiple times by the test as well as by other tests is called:
A. non-reusable action
B. Reusable action
C. External action
Q16. The command used to connect with Database is:
A. Createobject(connectivity name�)
B. dbconnect(connectivity name)
C. open(connectivity name)
D. None of the above
Q17. The method used to retrieve the folders is:
A. FileSystemObject.Getfolder()
B. FileSystemObject.selectfolder()
C. FileSystemObject.retrievefolder()
Q18. The method used to compare 2 XML files is:
A1. XMLfile1.compare(XMLfile2)
B. XMLcompare(file1,file2)
C. compare(XMLfile1,XMLfile2)
Q19. The QTP script files are stored in the extension of:
A. *.mts
B. *.usr
C. *.mtr
D. *.vbs
Q20. The method used to register the user-defined function with test object is:
A. setFunc()
B. RegisterUserFunc()
C. RegisterFunc()
Q21. The method used to open the specified URL in a browser is:
A. openURL()
B. navigateURL()
C. navigate()
Q22. The 3 Parameter types available in data driver is:
A. DataTable,Environment,Random number
B. DataTable,random number,unique
C. environment,string,numeric
Q23. The method added to the test while parameterizing is:
A. get Data (variable, dtGlobalSheet)
B. get DataTable(variable, dtGlobalSheet)
C. Set Data(variable, dtGlobalSheet)
D. Set DataTable(variable, dtGlobalSheet)
Q24. The length of the array can be get by the method:
A. length(array)
B. ubound(array)
C. count(array)
Q25. The method used to get the count value of list box or combo box is:
A. GetItemsCount
B. GetCount
C. GetItemCount
Q26. To retrieve the current the objects in your application during the run session:
A. GetVisibleText
B. GetROProperty
C. SetROProperty
D. GetTOProperty
Q27. The list of test objects and their properties and values are stored in the:A. Object Repository
B. Object Identification
Q28. The method used to continue the test execution after getting run-time error is:
1. On Error Resume Next
2. On Error Raise Next
3. On Error Next
A. StartTransaction(Name�), EndTransaction(Name�)B
. Services.StartTransaction "Name", Services.EndTransaction "Name"
C. StartTransaction.services "Name�, EndTransaction.services "Name"
Q2. A step in which one or more values are captured at a specific point in your test and stored for the duration of the run session is:
A. Output Value
B. Checkpoints
C. Active Screen
Q3. QTP can detects an application crash and activate a defined recovery scenario to continue the run session.
A. True
B. false
Q4. In Batch Test process, the test list are saved in file format as:
A. *.mtb
B. *.mts
C. *.mbt
D. *.mtr
Q5. The command used to invoke other application from QTP:
A. InvokeApplication
B. SystemUtil.Run
C. Run
D. Both b & c
E. Both a & b
Q6. The command used to retrieve data from excel sheet is
A. Set ab = Connection("srcfilepath ") , Set ws = ab.getdata(sheetid)
B. Set ab = CreateObject("srcfilepath ") , Set ws = ab.getsheet(sheetid)
C. Set ab = GetObject("srcfilepath") , Set ws = ab.worksheets(sheetid)
Q7. The method that explicitly activates the recovery scenario mechanism is:
A. recovery.activate
B. enable
C. recovery.enable
D. activate
Q8. The method used for sending information to the test results is:
A. Reporter.log()
B. Reporter.reportevent()
C. Reporter.msgbox()
D. Reporter.report()
Q9. To terminate an application that is not responding we use:
A. SystemUtil.terminate
B. SystemUtil.Stop
C. SystemUtil.CloseProcessByName
Q10. The recovery mechanism does not handle triggers that occur in the last step of a test:
A. false
B. True
Q11. We can add Test object methods, function calls into the Test using:
A. Function generator
B. Step generator
C. Object repository
Q12. The method that adds to the test while implementing synchronization is:
A. Synchronize
B. Wait
C. WaitProperty
D. Pause
Q13. The mechanism used to identify objects during run session is:
A. Recovery scenario
B. Smart identification
C. Handling object
Q14. Post-recovery test run options specifies:
A. how to continue the run session after QTP identify the event
B. errors while running
C. recovery scenario during a run session
Q15. The action that can be called multiple times by the test as well as by other tests is called:
A. non-reusable action
B. Reusable action
C. External action
Q16. The command used to connect with Database is:
A. Createobject(connectivity name�)
B. dbconnect(connectivity name)
C. open(connectivity name)
D. None of the above
Q17. The method used to retrieve the folders is:
A. FileSystemObject.Getfolder()
B. FileSystemObject.selectfolder()
C. FileSystemObject.retrievefolder()
Q18. The method used to compare 2 XML files is:
A1. XMLfile1.compare(XMLfile2)
B. XMLcompare(file1,file2)
C. compare(XMLfile1,XMLfile2)
Q19. The QTP script files are stored in the extension of:
A. *.mts
B. *.usr
C. *.mtr
D. *.vbs
Q20. The method used to register the user-defined function with test object is:
A. setFunc()
B. RegisterUserFunc()
C. RegisterFunc()
Q21. The method used to open the specified URL in a browser is:
A. openURL()
B. navigateURL()
C. navigate()
Q22. The 3 Parameter types available in data driver is:
A. DataTable,Environment,Random number
B. DataTable,random number,unique
C. environment,string,numeric
Q23. The method added to the test while parameterizing is:
A. get Data (variable, dtGlobalSheet)
B. get DataTable(variable, dtGlobalSheet)
C. Set Data(variable, dtGlobalSheet)
D. Set DataTable(variable, dtGlobalSheet)
Q24. The length of the array can be get by the method:
A. length(array)
B. ubound(array)
C. count(array)
Q25. The method used to get the count value of list box or combo box is:
A. GetItemsCount
B. GetCount
C. GetItemCount
Q26. To retrieve the current the objects in your application during the run session:
A. GetVisibleText
B. GetROProperty
C. SetROProperty
D. GetTOProperty
Q27. The list of test objects and their properties and values are stored in the:A. Object Repository
B. Object Identification
Q28. The method used to continue the test execution after getting run-time error is:
1. On Error Resume Next
2. On Error Raise Next
3. On Error Next
HP QTP Certification HP-M016 Practice Exam Questions - 3
Q1. 'Browser navigation timeout' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings) window.
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Web Settings
Q2. How many tabs are there in Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) 7
B) 6
C) 5
D) 8
Q3. Identify the tabs in the Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
B) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, WebSettings,Recovery
C) Properties, Run Options, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web,Recovery
D) Properties, Run, Resources, Input Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
Q4. 'Generate Script' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings)window
A) Properties
B) Web
C) Resources
D) Recovery
Q5. The following are the four main columns in the Keyword view
A) Item, Operation, Value, Comments
B) Item, Operation, Value, Documentation
C) Item, Operation, Property, Documentation
D) Number, Operation, Value, Documentation
Q6. For each object and method in an Expert View statement, acorresponding row exists in the Keyword View.
A) True
B) False
C) There is a problem with the statement.
D) None of above
Q7. You can work on one or several function libraries at the same time.
A) True
B) False
Q8. You can insert additional steps on the test objects captured in the Active screen after the recording session.
A) True
B) False
Q9. The Active Screen enables you to parameterize object values andinsert checkpoints
A) True
B) False
Q10. A QTP user can increase or decrease the active screen informationsaved with the test.A) True
B) False
Q11. The Information pane provides a list of............. in the test:A) Semantic errors
B) Syntax errors
C) Common errors
D) Logic errors
Q12. When we switch from Expert view to the Keyword view, QTPautomatically checks for syntax errors in tQ16. The Data Table does not assists you in parameterizing your test.
A) True
he test and shows them in theinformation pane.A) True
B) False
Q13. If the information pane is not open, QTP automatically opens it incase a syntax error is detected.A) True
B) False
Q14. ..................... provides a list of the resources that arespecified in your test but cannot be found.A) Missing pane
B) Missing Resources pane
C) Resources pane
D) Missing Items pane
Q15. Whenever you open a test or a function library, QTP automaticallychecks for the availability of specified resources.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Q17. Tabs in the Debug Viewer pane are:
A) Watch, Variables, Debug
B) Watch, Data, Command
C) Watch, Variables, Command
D) View, Variables, Command
Q18. ............... tab enables you to view the current value of anyvariable or VBScript expression.
A) Watch
B) VIew
C) Locate
D) Current
Q19. The .... tab displays the current value of all variables that havebeen recognized up to the last step performed in the run session.
A) View
B)Variables
C) Locate
D) Current
Q20. The .........tab enables you to run a line of script to set ormodify the current value of a variable or VBScript object in your testor function library.
A) View
B) Variables
C) Command
D) Current
Q21. Panes in QTP can have one of the following states—docked or floating.
A) True
B) False
Q22. Which of the following statement is True:
A) QuickTest enables you to open and work on one test at a time
B) QuickTest enables you to open and work on two tests at a time
C) QuickTest enables you to open and work on predefined number of testsat a time
D) QuickTest enables you to open and work on nine test at a time
Q23. Which of the following statement is True:
A) You can open and work on two function libraries simultaneously
B) You can open and work on multiple function libraries simultaneously
C) You can open and work on nine function libraries simultaneously
D) You can open and work on one function library at a time
Q24. You can open any function library, regardless of whether it isassociated with the currently open test.
A) True
B) False
Q25. You can work with multiple documents (test, component, orapplication area, function libraries) using the...... dialog box
A) Panes
B) Display
C) Show
D) Windows
Answers:-->
A) Properties
B) Resources
C) Web
D) Web Settings
Q2. How many tabs are there in Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) 7
B) 6
C) 5
D) 8
Q3. Identify the tabs in the Test Settings (File->Settings) window
A) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
B) Properties, Run, Resources, Parameters, Environment, WebSettings,Recovery
C) Properties, Run Options, Resources, Parameters, Environment, Web,Recovery
D) Properties, Run, Resources, Input Parameters, Environment, Web, Recovery
Q4. 'Generate Script' is in which tab of Test Settings (File->Settings)window
A) Properties
B) Web
C) Resources
D) Recovery
Q5. The following are the four main columns in the Keyword view
A) Item, Operation, Value, Comments
B) Item, Operation, Value, Documentation
C) Item, Operation, Property, Documentation
D) Number, Operation, Value, Documentation
Q6. For each object and method in an Expert View statement, acorresponding row exists in the Keyword View.
A) True
B) False
C) There is a problem with the statement.
D) None of above
Q7. You can work on one or several function libraries at the same time.
A) True
B) False
Q8. You can insert additional steps on the test objects captured in the Active screen after the recording session.
A) True
B) False
Q9. The Active Screen enables you to parameterize object values andinsert checkpoints
A) True
B) False
Q10. A QTP user can increase or decrease the active screen informationsaved with the test.A) True
B) False
Q11. The Information pane provides a list of............. in the test:A) Semantic errors
B) Syntax errors
C) Common errors
D) Logic errors
Q12. When we switch from Expert view to the Keyword view, QTPautomatically checks for syntax errors in tQ16. The Data Table does not assists you in parameterizing your test.
A) True
he test and shows them in theinformation pane.A) True
B) False
Q13. If the information pane is not open, QTP automatically opens it incase a syntax error is detected.A) True
B) False
Q14. ..................... provides a list of the resources that arespecified in your test but cannot be found.A) Missing pane
B) Missing Resources pane
C) Resources pane
D) Missing Items pane
Q15. Whenever you open a test or a function library, QTP automaticallychecks for the availability of specified resources.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Q17. Tabs in the Debug Viewer pane are:
A) Watch, Variables, Debug
B) Watch, Data, Command
C) Watch, Variables, Command
D) View, Variables, Command
Q18. ............... tab enables you to view the current value of anyvariable or VBScript expression.
A) Watch
B) VIew
C) Locate
D) Current
Q19. The .... tab displays the current value of all variables that havebeen recognized up to the last step performed in the run session.
A) View
B)Variables
C) Locate
D) Current
Q20. The .........tab enables you to run a line of script to set ormodify the current value of a variable or VBScript object in your testor function library.
A) View
B) Variables
C) Command
D) Current
Q21. Panes in QTP can have one of the following states—docked or floating.
A) True
B) False
Q22. Which of the following statement is True:
A) QuickTest enables you to open and work on one test at a time
B) QuickTest enables you to open and work on two tests at a time
C) QuickTest enables you to open and work on predefined number of testsat a time
D) QuickTest enables you to open and work on nine test at a time
Q23. Which of the following statement is True:
A) You can open and work on two function libraries simultaneously
B) You can open and work on multiple function libraries simultaneously
C) You can open and work on nine function libraries simultaneously
D) You can open and work on one function library at a time
Q24. You can open any function library, regardless of whether it isassociated with the currently open test.
A) True
B) False
Q25. You can work with multiple documents (test, component, orapplication area, function libraries) using the...... dialog box
A) Panes
B) Display
C) Show
D) Windows
Answers:-->
Tuesday, March 31, 2009
Black Box is also called as:
Black Box is also called as:
1. Behavorial Testing
2. Input/Output Driven Testing
3. Specification Based Testing
4. Open Box Testing
1. Behavorial Testing
2. Input/Output Driven Testing
3. Specification Based Testing
4. Open Box Testing
White Box is also called as:
White Box is also called as:
1. Structural Testing
2. Closed Box Testing
3. Opaque Box Testing
4. Glass Box Testing
1. Structural Testing
2. Closed Box Testing
3. Opaque Box Testing
4. Glass Box Testing
Technique for black box testing
Equivalence partitioning is a test case selection technique for black box testing. In this method, testers identify various classes of input conditions called as equivalence classes. These classes are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur.
Basically, a class is a set of input conditions that are similar in nature for a system. In this test case selection technique, it is assumed that if the system will handle one case in the class erroneously, it would handle all cases erroneously.
This technique drastically cuts down the number of test cases required to test a system reasonably. Using this technique, one can found the most errors with the smallest number of test cases.
To use equivalence partitioning, you will need to:
Determining conditions to be tested
Defining and designing tests
Determining conditions to be tested:
All valid input data for a given condition are likely to go through the same process.
Invalid data can go through various processes and need to be evaluated more carefully. For example:
Treat the blank entry differently than an incorrect entry.
Treat a value differently if it is less than or greater than a range of values.
If there are multiple error conditions within a function, one error may override the other, which means that the subordinate error does not get tested unless the other value is valid.
Defining and Designing Test Cases:
First, include valid tests and include as many valid tests as possible in one test case.
For invalid input, include only one test in a test case in order to isolate the error.
Example: In a company, first three digits of all employee IDs, the minimum number is 333 and the maximum number is 444. For the fourth and fifth digits, the minimum number is 11 and the maximum number is 99.
So, for the first three digits the various test conditions can be
a. = or > 333 and = or <>
b. <>
c. > 444, (invalid input, above the range)
d. Blank, (invalid input, below the range).
And for the third and fourth digits the various test conditions can be
e. = or > 11 and = or <>
f. <>
g. > 99, (invalid input, above the range)
h. blank, (invalid input, below the range)
Now, while using equivalence partitioning; only one value that represents each of the eight equivalence classes needs to be tested.
Now, after identifying the tests, you will need to create test cases to test each equivalence class. Create one test case for the valid input conditions and identify separate test cases for each invalid input.
As a black box tester, you might not know the manner in which the programmer has coded the error handling. So, you will need to create separate tests for each invalid input, to avoid masking the result in the event one error takes priority over another.
Thus, based on the test conditions, there can be seven test cases:
Test case for a and e - (both are valid)
Test case for b and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for c and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for d and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for a and f - (only the second one is invalid)
Test case for a and g - (only the second one is invalid)
Test case for a and h - (only the second one is invalid)
Basically, a class is a set of input conditions that are similar in nature for a system. In this test case selection technique, it is assumed that if the system will handle one case in the class erroneously, it would handle all cases erroneously.
This technique drastically cuts down the number of test cases required to test a system reasonably. Using this technique, one can found the most errors with the smallest number of test cases.
To use equivalence partitioning, you will need to:
Determining conditions to be tested
Defining and designing tests
Determining conditions to be tested:
All valid input data for a given condition are likely to go through the same process.
Invalid data can go through various processes and need to be evaluated more carefully. For example:
Treat the blank entry differently than an incorrect entry.
Treat a value differently if it is less than or greater than a range of values.
If there are multiple error conditions within a function, one error may override the other, which means that the subordinate error does not get tested unless the other value is valid.
Defining and Designing Test Cases:
First, include valid tests and include as many valid tests as possible in one test case.
For invalid input, include only one test in a test case in order to isolate the error.
Example: In a company, first three digits of all employee IDs, the minimum number is 333 and the maximum number is 444. For the fourth and fifth digits, the minimum number is 11 and the maximum number is 99.
So, for the first three digits the various test conditions can be
a. = or > 333 and = or <>
b. <>
c. > 444, (invalid input, above the range)
d. Blank, (invalid input, below the range).
And for the third and fourth digits the various test conditions can be
e. = or > 11 and = or <>
f. <>
g. > 99, (invalid input, above the range)
h. blank, (invalid input, below the range)
Now, while using equivalence partitioning; only one value that represents each of the eight equivalence classes needs to be tested.
Now, after identifying the tests, you will need to create test cases to test each equivalence class. Create one test case for the valid input conditions and identify separate test cases for each invalid input.
As a black box tester, you might not know the manner in which the programmer has coded the error handling. So, you will need to create separate tests for each invalid input, to avoid masking the result in the event one error takes priority over another.
Thus, based on the test conditions, there can be seven test cases:
Test case for a and e - (both are valid)
Test case for b and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for c and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for d and e - (only the first one is invalid)
Test case for a and f - (only the second one is invalid)
Test case for a and g - (only the second one is invalid)
Test case for a and h - (only the second one is invalid)
All About Black Box Testing
Black box testing is a test design method. Black box testing treats the system as a "black-box", so it doesn't explicitly use Knowledge of the internal structure. Or in other words the Test engineer need not know the internal working of the “Black box”. It focuses on the functionality part of the module.
Some people like to call black box testing as behavioral, functional, opaque-box, and closed-box. While the term black box is most popularly use, many people prefer the terms "behavioral" and "structural" for black box and white box respectively. Behavioral test design is slightly different from black-box test design because the use of internal knowledge isn't strictly forbidden, but it's still discouraged.
Personally we feel that there is a trade off between the approaches used to test a product using white box and black box types.
There are some bugs that cannot be found using only black box or only white box. If the test cases are extensive and the test inputs are also from a large sample space then it is always possible to find majority of the bugs through black box testing.
Tools used for Black Box testing: Many tool vendors have been producing tools for automated black box and automated white box testing for several years. The basic functional or regression testing tools capture the results of black box tests in a script format. Once captured, these scripts can be executed against future builds of an application to verify that new functionality hasn't disabled previous functionality.
Advantages of Black Box Testing:
- Tester can be non-technical.
- This testing is most likely to find those bugs as the user would find.
- Testing helps to identify the vagueness and contradiction in functional specifications.
- Test cases can be designed as soon as the functional specifications are complete.
Disadvantages of Black Box Testing:
- Chances of having repetition of tests that are already done by programmer.
- The test inputs needs to be from large sample space.
- It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. So writing test cases is slow and difficult.
- Chances of having unidentified paths during this testing.
- Graph Based Testing Methods: Software testing begins by creating a graph of important objects and their relationships and then devising a series of tests that will cover the graph so that each objects and their relationships and then devising a series of tests that will cover the graph so that each object and relationship is exercised and error is uncovered.
Error Guessing: Error Guessing comes with experience with the technology and the project. Error Guessing is the art of guessing where errors can be hidden. There are no specific tools and techniques for this, but you can write test cases depending on the situation: Either when reading the functional documents or when you are testing and find an error that you have not documented.
Boundary Value Analysis: Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a test data selection technique (Functional Testing technique) where the extreme values are chosen. Boundary values include maximum, minimum, just inside/outside boundaries, typical values, and error values. The hope is that, if a system works correctly for these special values then it will work correctly for all values in between.
- Extends equivalence partitioning
- Test both sides of each boundary
- Look at output boundaries for test cases too
- Test min, min-1, max, max+1, typical values
- BVA focuses on the boundary of the input space to identify test cases
- Rational is that errors tend to occur near the extreme values of an input variable
There are two ways to generalize the BVA techniques:
By the number of variables (For n variables): BVA yields 4n + 1 test cases.
By the kinds of ranges: Generalizing ranges depends on the nature or type of variables:
- NextDate has a variable Month and the range could be defined as {Jan, Feb, …Dec}
Min = Jan, Min +1 = Feb, etc.
- Triangle had a declared range of {1, 20,000}
- Boolean variables have extreme values True and False but there is no clear choice for the remaining three values
Advantages of Boundary Value Analysis:
- Robustness Testing - Boundary Value Analysis plus values that go beyond the limits
Min - 1, Min, Min +1, Nom, Max -1, Max, Max +1
- Forces attention to exception handling
- For strongly typed languages robust testing results in run-time errors that abort normal execution
Limitations of Boundary Value Analysis: BVA works best when the program is a function of several independent variables that represent bounded physical quantities:
1. Independent Variables:
NextDate test cases derived from BVA would be inadequate: focusing on the boundary would not leave emphasis on February or leap years.
- Dependencies exist with NextDate's Day, Month and Year.
- Test cases derived without consideration of the function
2. Physical Quantities:
An example of physical variables being tested, telephone numbers - what faults might be revealed by numbers of 000-0000, 000-0001, 555-5555, 999-9998, 999-9999?
Equivalence Partitioning: Equivalence partitioning is a black box testing method that divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived. EP can be defined according to the following guidelines:
- If an input condition specifies a range, one valid and one two invalid classes are defined.
- If an input condition requires a specific value, one valid and two invalid equivalence classes are defined.
- If an input condition specifies a member of a set, one valid and one invalid equivalence class is defined.
- If an input condition is Boolean, one valid and one invalid class is defined.
Comparison Testing: There are situations where independent versions of software be developed for critical applications, even when only a single version will be used in the delivered computer based system. It is these independent versions which form the basis of a black box testing technique called Comparison testing or back-to-back testing.
Orthogonal Array Testing: The Orthogonal Array Testing Strategy (OATS) is a systematic, statistical way of testing pair-wise interactions by deriving a suitable small set of test cases (from a large number of possibilities).
Some people like to call black box testing as behavioral, functional, opaque-box, and closed-box. While the term black box is most popularly use, many people prefer the terms "behavioral" and "structural" for black box and white box respectively. Behavioral test design is slightly different from black-box test design because the use of internal knowledge isn't strictly forbidden, but it's still discouraged.
Personally we feel that there is a trade off between the approaches used to test a product using white box and black box types.
There are some bugs that cannot be found using only black box or only white box. If the test cases are extensive and the test inputs are also from a large sample space then it is always possible to find majority of the bugs through black box testing.
Tools used for Black Box testing: Many tool vendors have been producing tools for automated black box and automated white box testing for several years. The basic functional or regression testing tools capture the results of black box tests in a script format. Once captured, these scripts can be executed against future builds of an application to verify that new functionality hasn't disabled previous functionality.
Advantages of Black Box Testing:
- Tester can be non-technical.
- This testing is most likely to find those bugs as the user would find.
- Testing helps to identify the vagueness and contradiction in functional specifications.
- Test cases can be designed as soon as the functional specifications are complete.
Disadvantages of Black Box Testing:
- Chances of having repetition of tests that are already done by programmer.
- The test inputs needs to be from large sample space.
- It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. So writing test cases is slow and difficult.
- Chances of having unidentified paths during this testing.
- Graph Based Testing Methods: Software testing begins by creating a graph of important objects and their relationships and then devising a series of tests that will cover the graph so that each objects and their relationships and then devising a series of tests that will cover the graph so that each object and relationship is exercised and error is uncovered.
Error Guessing: Error Guessing comes with experience with the technology and the project. Error Guessing is the art of guessing where errors can be hidden. There are no specific tools and techniques for this, but you can write test cases depending on the situation: Either when reading the functional documents or when you are testing and find an error that you have not documented.
Boundary Value Analysis: Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a test data selection technique (Functional Testing technique) where the extreme values are chosen. Boundary values include maximum, minimum, just inside/outside boundaries, typical values, and error values. The hope is that, if a system works correctly for these special values then it will work correctly for all values in between.
- Extends equivalence partitioning
- Test both sides of each boundary
- Look at output boundaries for test cases too
- Test min, min-1, max, max+1, typical values
- BVA focuses on the boundary of the input space to identify test cases
- Rational is that errors tend to occur near the extreme values of an input variable
There are two ways to generalize the BVA techniques:
By the number of variables (For n variables): BVA yields 4n + 1 test cases.
By the kinds of ranges: Generalizing ranges depends on the nature or type of variables:
- NextDate has a variable Month and the range could be defined as {Jan, Feb, …Dec}
Min = Jan, Min +1 = Feb, etc.
- Triangle had a declared range of {1, 20,000}
- Boolean variables have extreme values True and False but there is no clear choice for the remaining three values
Advantages of Boundary Value Analysis:
- Robustness Testing - Boundary Value Analysis plus values that go beyond the limits
Min - 1, Min, Min +1, Nom, Max -1, Max, Max +1
- Forces attention to exception handling
- For strongly typed languages robust testing results in run-time errors that abort normal execution
Limitations of Boundary Value Analysis: BVA works best when the program is a function of several independent variables that represent bounded physical quantities:
1. Independent Variables:
NextDate test cases derived from BVA would be inadequate: focusing on the boundary would not leave emphasis on February or leap years.
- Dependencies exist with NextDate's Day, Month and Year.
- Test cases derived without consideration of the function
2. Physical Quantities:
An example of physical variables being tested, telephone numbers - what faults might be revealed by numbers of 000-0000, 000-0001, 555-5555, 999-9998, 999-9999?
Equivalence Partitioning: Equivalence partitioning is a black box testing method that divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived. EP can be defined according to the following guidelines:
- If an input condition specifies a range, one valid and one two invalid classes are defined.
- If an input condition requires a specific value, one valid and two invalid equivalence classes are defined.
- If an input condition specifies a member of a set, one valid and one invalid equivalence class is defined.
- If an input condition is Boolean, one valid and one invalid class is defined.
Comparison Testing: There are situations where independent versions of software be developed for critical applications, even when only a single version will be used in the delivered computer based system. It is these independent versions which form the basis of a black box testing technique called Comparison testing or back-to-back testing.
Orthogonal Array Testing: The Orthogonal Array Testing Strategy (OATS) is a systematic, statistical way of testing pair-wise interactions by deriving a suitable small set of test cases (from a large number of possibilities).
Categories of Software Errors:
One common definition of a software error is a mismatch between the program and its specification. In other words, we can say, a software error is present in a program when the program does not do what its end user expects.
Categories of Software Errors:
User interface errors such as output errors or incorrect user messages.
Function errors
Hardware defects
Incorrect program version
Requirements errors
Design errors
Documentation errors
Architecture errors
Module interface errors
Performance errors
Boundary-related errors
Logic errors such as calculation errors, State-based behavior errors, Communication errors, Program structure errors, such as control-flow errors.
Most programmers are rather cavalier about controlling the quality of the software they write. They bang out some code, run it through some fairly obvious ad hoc tests, and if it seems okay, they’re done. While this approach may work all right for small, personal programs, it doesn’t cut the mustard for professional software development.
Modern software engineering practices include considerable effort directed toward software quality assurance and testing. The idea, of course, is to produce a high software with the probability of satisfying the customer’s needs.
There are two ways to deliver software free of errors:
Preventing the introduction of errors in the first place.
Identifying the bugs lurking in program code, seek them out, and destroy them.
Obviously, the first method is superior. A big part of software quality comes from doing a good job of defining the requirements for the system you’re building and designing a software solution that will satisfy those requirements. Testing concentrates on detecting those errors that creep in despite your best efforts to keep them out.
Categories of Software Errors:
User interface errors such as output errors or incorrect user messages.
Function errors
Hardware defects
Incorrect program version
Requirements errors
Design errors
Documentation errors
Architecture errors
Module interface errors
Performance errors
Boundary-related errors
Logic errors such as calculation errors, State-based behavior errors, Communication errors, Program structure errors, such as control-flow errors.
Most programmers are rather cavalier about controlling the quality of the software they write. They bang out some code, run it through some fairly obvious ad hoc tests, and if it seems okay, they’re done. While this approach may work all right for small, personal programs, it doesn’t cut the mustard for professional software development.
Modern software engineering practices include considerable effort directed toward software quality assurance and testing. The idea, of course, is to produce a high software with the probability of satisfying the customer’s needs.
There are two ways to deliver software free of errors:
Preventing the introduction of errors in the first place.
Identifying the bugs lurking in program code, seek them out, and destroy them.
Obviously, the first method is superior. A big part of software quality comes from doing a good job of defining the requirements for the system you’re building and designing a software solution that will satisfy those requirements. Testing concentrates on detecting those errors that creep in despite your best efforts to keep them out.
Software Testing Bug Report Template
In continuation to my previous post, here in this post, I'm explaining a simple and effective software bug report.
If you are using any Software Testing Management tool or any Bug reporting tool like Bugzilla or Test Director or Bughost or any other online bug tracking tool, then; the tool will automatically generate the bug report. If you are not using any tool, you may refer to the following template for your software bug report:
Name of Reporter:
Email Id of Reporter:
Version or Build:
Module or component:
Platform / Operating System:
Type of error:
Priority:
Severity:
Status:
Assigned to:
Summary:
Description:
If you are using any Software Testing Management tool or any Bug reporting tool like Bugzilla or Test Director or Bughost or any other online bug tracking tool, then; the tool will automatically generate the bug report. If you are not using any tool, you may refer to the following template for your software bug report:
Name of Reporter:
Email Id of Reporter:
Version or Build:
Module or component:
Platform / Operating System:
Type of error:
Priority:
Severity:
Status:
Assigned to:
Summary:
Description:
Bug Life Cycle
The steps in defect life cycle varies from company to company. But the basic flow remains the same. However, below I'm describing a basic flow for Bug Life Cycle:
A Tester finds a bug. Status --> Open
Test lead review the bug and authoriza the bug. Stats --> Open
Development team lead review the defect. Stats --> Open
The defect can be authorized or unauthorized by the development team. (Here the status of the defect / bug will be Open (For Authorized Defects) & Reject (For Unauthorized Defects).
Now, the authorized bugs will get fixed or deferred by the development team. Status of the fixed bugs will be Fixed & Status will be Deferred for the bugs which got Deferred.
The Fixed bugs will be again re-tested by the testing team (Here based on the Closure of the Bug, the status will be made as Closed or if the bug still remains, it will be re-raised and status will be Re-opened.
The above-mentioned cycle continues until all the bugs / defects gets fixed in the application.
A Tester finds a bug. Status --> Open
Test lead review the bug and authoriza the bug. Stats --> Open
Development team lead review the defect. Stats --> Open
The defect can be authorized or unauthorized by the development team. (Here the status of the defect / bug will be Open (For Authorized Defects) & Reject (For Unauthorized Defects).
Now, the authorized bugs will get fixed or deferred by the development team. Status of the fixed bugs will be Fixed & Status will be Deferred for the bugs which got Deferred.
The Fixed bugs will be again re-tested by the testing team (Here based on the Closure of the Bug, the status will be made as Closed or if the bug still remains, it will be re-raised and status will be Re-opened.
The above-mentioned cycle continues until all the bugs / defects gets fixed in the application.
Find more bugs while doing Software Testing ?
Here, in this post, I’m going to tell you some useful tips to find more bugs while doing Software Testing:
Understand the whole application or module in depth before starting the testing.
Give stress on the functional test cases which includes major risk of the application.
Your test data set must include the database records id you are going to test database along with various test case conditions.
If it is not first software testing cycle, use previous test data pattern to analyze the current set of tests.
Perform same tests on different test environment. Find out the result pattern and then compare your results with those patterns.
Do some standard tests like putting the “%” sign or “*” or html tags in the text box and then see the results in output window.
When you are tired, and then do some monkey testing.
Apart from these tips, one thing I would like to recommend to you that you must be thinking every minute to find a bug in the software. Just be Passionate about Software Testing.
Understand the whole application or module in depth before starting the testing.
Give stress on the functional test cases which includes major risk of the application.
Your test data set must include the database records id you are going to test database along with various test case conditions.
If it is not first software testing cycle, use previous test data pattern to analyze the current set of tests.
Perform same tests on different test environment. Find out the result pattern and then compare your results with those patterns.
Do some standard tests like putting the “%” sign or “*” or html tags in the text box and then see the results in output window.
When you are tired, and then do some monkey testing.
Apart from these tips, one thing I would like to recommend to you that you must be thinking every minute to find a bug in the software. Just be Passionate about Software Testing.
Which projects may not need independent test staff?
Which projects may not need independent test staff?
Ans. It depends on the size & nature of the project. Then, it depends on business risks, development methodology, the skills and experience of the developers.
Ans. It depends on the size & nature of the project. Then, it depends on business risks, development methodology, the skills and experience of the developers.
What's the role of documentation in QA?
What's the role of documentation in QA?
Ans. QA practices must be documented to enhance their repeatability. There should be a system for easily finding and obtaining information and determining what documentation will have a particular piece of information.
Ans. QA practices must be documented to enhance their repeatability. There should be a system for easily finding and obtaining information and determining what documentation will have a particular piece of information.
What is good design?
What is good design?
Ans. Good internal design is indicated by software code whose overall structure is clear, understandable, easily modifiable, and maintainable. It should also be robust with sufficient error-handling and status logging capability and work correctly when implemented. And, good functional design is indicated by an application whose functionality can be traced back to customer and end-user requirements.
Ans. Good internal design is indicated by software code whose overall structure is clear, understandable, easily modifiable, and maintainable. It should also be robust with sufficient error-handling and status logging capability and work correctly when implemented. And, good functional design is indicated by an application whose functionality can be traced back to customer and end-user requirements.
What are the common solutions to software development problems?
What are the common solutions to software development problems?
Ans.
Solid requirements
Realistic schedules
Adequate testing
stick to initial requirements where feasible
require walkthroughs and inspections when appropriate
Ans.
Solid requirements
Realistic schedules
Adequate testing
stick to initial requirements where feasible
require walkthroughs and inspections when appropriate
What are the common problems in the software development process?
What are the common problems in the software development process?
Ans.
Poor requirements
Unrealistic schedule
Inadequate testing
A request to pile on new features after development is unnderway.
Miscommunication
Ans.
Poor requirements
Unrealistic schedule
Inadequate testing
A request to pile on new features after development is unnderway.
Miscommunication
Tell us about some world famous bugs??
Tell us about some world famous bugs
Ans. 1. In December of 2007 an error occurred in a new ERP payroll system for a large urban school system. More than one third of employees had received incorrect paychecks that results in overpayments of $53 million. Inadequate testing reportedly contributed to the problems
2. A software error reportedly resulted in overbilling to 11,000 customers of a major telecommunications company in June of 2006. Making the corrections in the bills took a long time.
3. In March of 2002 it was reported that software bugs in Britain's national tax system resulted in more than 100,000 erroneous tax overcharges.
Ans. 1. In December of 2007 an error occurred in a new ERP payroll system for a large urban school system. More than one third of employees had received incorrect paychecks that results in overpayments of $53 million. Inadequate testing reportedly contributed to the problems
2. A software error reportedly resulted in overbilling to 11,000 customers of a major telecommunications company in June of 2006. Making the corrections in the bills took a long time.
3. In March of 2002 it was reported that software bugs in Britain's national tax system resulted in more than 100,000 erroneous tax overcharges.
What are the qualities of a good QA or Test manager?
What are the qualities of a good QA or Test manager?
Ans.
Must be familiar with the software development process
able to maintain enthusiasm of their team and promote a positive atmosphere
always looking for preventing problems
able to promote teamwork to increase productivity
able to promote cooperation between software, test, and QA engineers
have the skills needed to promote improvements in QA processes
have the ability to say 'no' to other managers when quality is insufficient or QA processes are not being adhered
have people judgement skills for hiring and keeping skilled personnel
be able to run meetings and keep them focused
Ans.
Must be familiar with the software development process
able to maintain enthusiasm of their team and promote a positive atmosphere
always looking for preventing problems
able to promote teamwork to increase productivity
able to promote cooperation between software, test, and QA engineers
have the skills needed to promote improvements in QA processes
have the ability to say 'no' to other managers when quality is insufficient or QA processes are not being adhered
have people judgement skills for hiring and keeping skilled personnel
be able to run meetings and keep them focused
What are the qualities of a good QA engineer?
What are the qualities of a good QA engineer?
Ans.
The same qualities a good tester
Additionally, they must be able to understand the entire software development process and how it can fit into the business approach and goals of the organization.
In organizations in the early stages of implementing QA processes, patience and diplomacy are especially needed.
An ability to find problems as well as to see 'what's missing' is important for inspections and reviews.
Ans.
The same qualities a good tester
Additionally, they must be able to understand the entire software development process and how it can fit into the business approach and goals of the organization.
In organizations in the early stages of implementing QA processes, patience and diplomacy are especially needed.
An ability to find problems as well as to see 'what's missing' is important for inspections and reviews.
What are the qualities of a good test engineer?
What are the qualities of a good test engineer?
Ans.
A good test engineer has a test to break attitude.
An ability to take the point of view of the customer
a strong desire for quality
Tactful and diplomatic
Good communication skills
Previous software development experience can be helpful as it provides a deeper understanding of the software development process
Good judgment skills
Ans.
A good test engineer has a test to break attitude.
An ability to take the point of view of the customer
a strong desire for quality
Tactful and diplomatic
Good communication skills
Previous software development experience can be helpful as it provides a deeper understanding of the software development process
Good judgment skills
What is Software Quality Assurance?
What is Software Quality Assurance?
Ans. Software QA involves the monitoring and improving the entire software development process, making sure that any agreed-upon standards and procedures are followed. It is oriented to prevention.
Ans. Software QA involves the monitoring and improving the entire software development process, making sure that any agreed-upon standards and procedures are followed. It is oriented to prevention.
What is Software Testing?
What is Software Testing?
Ans. Operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating the results. The controlled conditions must include both normal and abnormal conditions. It is oriented to detection.
Ans. Operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating the results. The controlled conditions must include both normal and abnormal conditions. It is oriented to detection.
Why does software have bugs?
Why does software have bugs?
Ans.
miscommunication or no communication
software complexity
programming errors
changing requirements
time pressures
poorly documented code
software development tools
egos - people prefer to say things like:
• 'no problem'
• 'piece of cake'
• 'I can whip that out in a few hours'
Ans.
miscommunication or no communication
software complexity
programming errors
changing requirements
time pressures
poorly documented code
software development tools
egos - people prefer to say things like:
• 'no problem'
• 'piece of cake'
• 'I can whip that out in a few hours'
What is Extreme Programming?
What is Extreme Programming?
Ans. Extreme Programming is a software development approach for risk-prone projects with unstable requirements. Unit testing is a core aspect of Extreme Programming. Programmers write unit and functional test code first - before writing the application code. Generally, customers are expected to be an integral part of the project team and to help create / design scenarios for acceptance testing.
Ans. Extreme Programming is a software development approach for risk-prone projects with unstable requirements. Unit testing is a core aspect of Extreme Programming. Programmers write unit and functional test code first - before writing the application code. Generally, customers are expected to be an integral part of the project team and to help create / design scenarios for acceptance testing.
How can web based applications be tested?
How can web based applications be tested?
Ans. Apart from functionality consider the following:
- What are the expected loads on the server and what kind of performance is expected on the client side?
- Who is the target audience?
- Will down time for server and content maintenance / upgrades be allowed?
- What kinds of security will be required and what is it expected to do?
- How reliable are the site's Internet / intranet connections required to be?
- How do the internet / intranet affect backup system or redundant connection requirements and testing?
- What variations will be allowed for targeted browsers?
- Will there be any standards or requirements for page appearance and / or graphics throughout a site or parts of a site?
- How will internal and external links be validated and updated?
- How are browser caching and variations in browser option settings?
- How are flash, applets, java scripts, ActiveX components, etc. to be maintained, tracked, controlled, and tested?
- From the usability point of view consider the following:
-- Pages should be 3-5 screens longer.
-- The page layouts and design elements should be consistent throughout the application / web site.
--Pages should be as browser-independent or generate based on the browser-type.
--There should be no dead-end pages. A link to a contact person or organization should be included on each page.
Ans. Apart from functionality consider the following:
- What are the expected loads on the server and what kind of performance is expected on the client side?
- Who is the target audience?
- Will down time for server and content maintenance / upgrades be allowed?
- What kinds of security will be required and what is it expected to do?
- How reliable are the site's Internet / intranet connections required to be?
- How do the internet / intranet affect backup system or redundant connection requirements and testing?
- What variations will be allowed for targeted browsers?
- Will there be any standards or requirements for page appearance and / or graphics throughout a site or parts of a site?
- How will internal and external links be validated and updated?
- How are browser caching and variations in browser option settings?
- How are flash, applets, java scripts, ActiveX components, etc. to be maintained, tracked, controlled, and tested?
- From the usability point of view consider the following:
-- Pages should be 3-5 screens longer.
-- The page layouts and design elements should be consistent throughout the application / web site.
--Pages should be as browser-independent or generate based on the browser-type.
--There should be no dead-end pages. A link to a contact person or organization should be included on each page.
What if there isn't enough time for thorough testing?
What if there isn't enough time for thorough testing?
Ans. Consider the following scenarios:
- Which functionality is most important from business point of view?
- Which functionality is most visible to the user?
- Which functionality has the largest financial impact?
- Which aspects of the application are most important to the customer?
- Which parts of the code are most complex?
- Which parts of the application were developed in rush?
- Which aspects of similar/related previous projects caused problems?
- What do the developers think are the highest-risk aspects of the application?
- What kinds of problems would cause the worst publicity?
- What kinds of problems would cause the most customer service complaints?
- What kinds of tests could easily cover multiple functionalities?
Ans. Consider the following scenarios:
- Which functionality is most important from business point of view?
- Which functionality is most visible to the user?
- Which functionality has the largest financial impact?
- Which aspects of the application are most important to the customer?
- Which parts of the code are most complex?
- Which parts of the application were developed in rush?
- Which aspects of similar/related previous projects caused problems?
- What do the developers think are the highest-risk aspects of the application?
- What kinds of problems would cause the worst publicity?
- What kinds of problems would cause the most customer service complaints?
- What kinds of tests could easily cover multiple functionalities?
When you can stop testing?
When you can stop testing?
Ans.
- Deadlines (release deadlines, testing deadlines, etc.)
- Test cases completed with certain percentage passed
- Test budget depleted
- Coverage of code/functionality/requirements reaches a specified point
- Bug rate falls below a certain level Beta or alpha testing period ends
Ans.
- Deadlines (release deadlines, testing deadlines, etc.)
- Test cases completed with certain percentage passed
- Test budget depleted
- Coverage of code/functionality/requirements reaches a specified point
- Bug rate falls below a certain level Beta or alpha testing period ends
What is configuration management?
What is configuration management?
Ans. It covers the processes used to control, coordinate, and track: code, requirements, documentation, problems, change requests, designs, tools / compilers / libraries / patches, changes made to them, and who makes the changes.
Ans. It covers the processes used to control, coordinate, and track: code, requirements, documentation, problems, change requests, designs, tools / compilers / libraries / patches, changes made to them, and who makes the changes.
What's an inspection?
What's an inspection?
Ans. It is more formalized than a 'walkthrough', typically with 3-8 people including a moderator, reader, and a recorder to take notes. The subject of the inspection is typically a document such as a requirements spec or a test plan, and the purpose is to find problems and see what's missing, not to fix anything.
Ans. It is more formalized than a 'walkthrough', typically with 3-8 people including a moderator, reader, and a recorder to take notes. The subject of the inspection is typically a document such as a requirements spec or a test plan, and the purpose is to find problems and see what's missing, not to fix anything.
What is a walkthrough?
What is a walkthrough?
Ans. An informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes.
Ans. An informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes.
What is validation?
What is validation?
Ans. It involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed.
Ans. It involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed.
What is verification?
What is verification?
Ans. It involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. It can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings etc.
Ans. It involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. It can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings etc.
What are the components of a bug report?
What are the components of a bug report?
Ans.
- Application name
- The function, module, name
- Bug ID
- Bug reporting date
- Status
- Test case ID
- Bug description
- Steps needed to reproduce the bug
- Names and/or descriptions of file/data/messages/etc. used in test
- Snapshot that would be helpful in finding the cause of the problem
- Severity estimate
- Was the bug reproducible?
- Name of tester
- Description of problem cause (filled by developers)
- Description of fix (filled by developers)
- Code section/file/module/class/method that was fixed (filled by developers)
- Date of fix (filled by developers)
- Date of retest or regression testing
- Any remarks or comments
Ans.
- Application name
- The function, module, name
- Bug ID
- Bug reporting date
- Status
- Test case ID
- Bug description
- Steps needed to reproduce the bug
- Names and/or descriptions of file/data/messages/etc. used in test
- Snapshot that would be helpful in finding the cause of the problem
- Severity estimate
- Was the bug reproducible?
- Name of tester
- Description of problem cause (filled by developers)
- Description of fix (filled by developers)
- Code section/file/module/class/method that was fixed (filled by developers)
- Date of fix (filled by developers)
- Date of retest or regression testing
- Any remarks or comments
What is a test case?
What is a test case?
Ans. A test case is a document that describes an input, action, or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of a software application is working correctly.
Ans. A test case is a document that describes an input, action, or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of a software application is working correctly.
What are the contents of test plan?
What are the contents of test plan?
Ans.
- Title and identification of software including version etc.
- Revision history
- Table of Contents
- Purpose of document and intended audience
- Objective and software product overview
- Relevant related document list and standards or legal requirements
- Naming conventions
- Overview of software project organization
- Roles and responsibilities etc.
- Assumptions and dependencies
- Risk analysis
- Testing priorities
- Scope and limitations of testing effort
- Outline of testing effort and input data
- Test environment setup and configuration issues
- Configuration management processes
- Outline of bug tracking system
- Test automation if required
- Any tools to be used, including versions, patches, etc.
- Project test metrics to be calculated
- Testing deliverables
- Reporting plan
- Testing entrance and exit criteria
- Sanity testing period and criteria
- Test suspension and restart criteria
- Personnel pre-training needs
- Relevant proprietary, classified, security and licensing issues.
- Open issues if any
Ans.
- Title and identification of software including version etc.
- Revision history
- Table of Contents
- Purpose of document and intended audience
- Objective and software product overview
- Relevant related document list and standards or legal requirements
- Naming conventions
- Overview of software project organization
- Roles and responsibilities etc.
- Assumptions and dependencies
- Risk analysis
- Testing priorities
- Scope and limitations of testing effort
- Outline of testing effort and input data
- Test environment setup and configuration issues
- Configuration management processes
- Outline of bug tracking system
- Test automation if required
- Any tools to be used, including versions, patches, etc.
- Project test metrics to be calculated
- Testing deliverables
- Reporting plan
- Testing entrance and exit criteria
- Sanity testing period and criteria
- Test suspension and restart criteria
- Personnel pre-training needs
- Relevant proprietary, classified, security and licensing issues.
- Open issues if any
What is a test plan?
A document that describes the objectives, scope, approach, and focus of a software testing effort.
What are the steps to perform software testing?
What are the steps to perform software testing?
- Understand requirements and business logic
- Get budget and schedule requirements
- Determine required standards and processes
- Set priorities, and determine scope and limitations of tests
- Determine test approaches and methods
- Determine test environment, test ware, test input data requirements
- Set milestones and prepare test plan document
- Write test cases
- Have needed reviews/inspections/approvals of test cases
- Set up test environment
- Execute test cases
- Evaluate and report results
- Bug Tracking and fixing
- Retesting or regression testing if needed
- Update test plans, test cases, test results, traceability matrix etc.
- Understand requirements and business logic
- Get budget and schedule requirements
- Determine required standards and processes
- Set priorities, and determine scope and limitations of tests
- Determine test approaches and methods
- Determine test environment, test ware, test input data requirements
- Set milestones and prepare test plan document
- Write test cases
- Have needed reviews/inspections/approvals of test cases
- Set up test environment
- Execute test cases
- Evaluate and report results
- Bug Tracking and fixing
- Retesting or regression testing if needed
- Update test plans, test cases, test results, traceability matrix etc.
How QA processes can be introduced in an organization?
How QA processes can be introduced in an organization?
Ans. 1. It depends on the size of the organization and the risks involved. e.g. for large organizations with high-risk projects a formalized QA process is necessary.
2. If the risk is lower, management and organizational buy-in and QA implementation may be a slower.
3. The most value for effort will often be in
- Requirements management processes
- Design inspections and code inspections
- post-mortems / retrospectives
Ans. 1. It depends on the size of the organization and the risks involved. e.g. for large organizations with high-risk projects a formalized QA process is necessary.
2. If the risk is lower, management and organizational buy-in and QA implementation may be a slower.
3. The most value for effort will often be in
- Requirements management processes
- Design inspections and code inspections
- post-mortems / retrospectives
What is Performance, Stress & Load testing ???
Performance, Stress & Load testing
Performance Testing: It is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a system or component against stated performance requirements, as specified in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). This usually being the last set of tests performed before implementing the new system, performance testing validates how well the system performs, from a speed and data processing perspective.
The Load, Volume and Stress testing are often grouped under performance tests. However, depending on the size and criticality of the system, these can be viewed as individual test phases.
Load Testing: In load testing the system under test in subjected to various levels of "load", to test its behaviour. In other words we can say load testing checks whether the system works well for the specified requirement (load).
Stress Testing: Testing conducted to evaluate a system or component, at or beyond the limits of its specified requirements. It is quite distinct from load testing because, here the behaviour of the system is checked for extremes and checks the safe load instructions for end-users. It is quite useful for mission-critical software.
Performance Testing: It is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a system or component against stated performance requirements, as specified in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). This usually being the last set of tests performed before implementing the new system, performance testing validates how well the system performs, from a speed and data processing perspective.
The Load, Volume and Stress testing are often grouped under performance tests. However, depending on the size and criticality of the system, these can be viewed as individual test phases.
Load Testing: In load testing the system under test in subjected to various levels of "load", to test its behaviour. In other words we can say load testing checks whether the system works well for the specified requirement (load).
Stress Testing: Testing conducted to evaluate a system or component, at or beyond the limits of its specified requirements. It is quite distinct from load testing because, here the behaviour of the system is checked for extremes and checks the safe load instructions for end-users. It is quite useful for mission-critical software.
Testing Methodology Details
Test methodology is the technical way about how to test a software. Typically, people refer to black-box and white-box for methodologies.
Black-box Testing is mainly testing at system-level, as customers may use the software. Often, it is pretty-much same as system-test. It is the most-common way of testing a product/software when it has end-users; but it may not be applicable when the software is not intended for end-uses, like API.
White-box testing is mainly testing the software as th testers know the detailed logics/codes about the software. It test the internal logics, conditions, operations of the code. It is typically used for unit/functional testing and also for software that has no end-users (like APIs).
Black-box Testing is mainly testing at system-level, as customers may use the software. Often, it is pretty-much same as system-test. It is the most-common way of testing a product/software when it has end-users; but it may not be applicable when the software is not intended for end-uses, like API.
White-box testing is mainly testing the software as th testers know the detailed logics/codes about the software. It test the internal logics, conditions, operations of the code. It is typically used for unit/functional testing and also for software that has no end-users (like APIs).
Agile S/w Development Methodology
Agile process is evolved in 90s. Agile, in literal, means the ability to move freely- ability to Adapt. Adapting to the changing requirements and adapting to the changing circumstances. AGILE allow for changing requirements throughout the development cycle and stress collaboration b/w s/w developers and customers and early product delivery.
The “Agile Manifesto” establishes a common framework for these processes: Value individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and
responding to change over following a plan. The processes most commonly considered agile include Extreme Programming (XP), Lean Development, Crystal and Scrum.
Scrum:
Scrum is an agile software development method for project management. The word scrum is derived from the Rugby game. Takeuchi and Nonaka noted that projects using small, cross-functional teams historically produce the best results, and likened these high-performing teams to the scrum formation in Rugby. Although Scrum was intended to be for management of software development projects, it can be used in running maintenance teams, or as a program management approach
Scrum terminology
Scrum Master: The person or persons in charge of the tracking and the daily updates for the scrum (equivalent to a project manager).
Scrum Team: A cross-functional team (developers, B.A.s, DBAs, and testers) responsible for developing the product.
Product Owner: The person responsible for maintaining the Product Backlog via continuous interaction with Clients and Stakeholders.
Story: A customer focused description of valued functionality.
Product Backlog: The stories to be completed.
Sprint: A time period (usually 2 to 4 weeks) in which development occurs on a set of stories that the team has committed to.
Burn Down Chart: Daily progress for a sprint over the sprint's length.
The “Agile Manifesto” establishes a common framework for these processes: Value individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and
responding to change over following a plan. The processes most commonly considered agile include Extreme Programming (XP), Lean Development, Crystal and Scrum.
Scrum:
Scrum is an agile software development method for project management. The word scrum is derived from the Rugby game. Takeuchi and Nonaka noted that projects using small, cross-functional teams historically produce the best results, and likened these high-performing teams to the scrum formation in Rugby. Although Scrum was intended to be for management of software development projects, it can be used in running maintenance teams, or as a program management approach
Scrum terminology
Scrum Master: The person or persons in charge of the tracking and the daily updates for the scrum (equivalent to a project manager).
Scrum Team: A cross-functional team (developers, B.A.s, DBAs, and testers) responsible for developing the product.
Product Owner: The person responsible for maintaining the Product Backlog via continuous interaction with Clients and Stakeholders.
Story: A customer focused description of valued functionality.
Product Backlog: The stories to be completed.
Sprint: A time period (usually 2 to 4 weeks) in which development occurs on a set of stories that the team has committed to.
Burn Down Chart: Daily progress for a sprint over the sprint's length.
Agile s/w development process
Characteristics of Scrum:
A product backlog of prioritized work to be done; It is a set of requirements that you would implement in your product
Completion of a fixed set of backlog items in a series of short iterations or sprints; - Sometimes you call it as a sprint backlog - you will identify a set of requirements that you implement in a perticular sprint.
A brief daily meeting or scrum, at which progress is explained, upcoming work is described and impediments are raised. - This is a all hands meeting. You will have the architect, developers, testers and the scrum master sitting in the same room and discussiing about the progress and the issues. The best part is - every one is involved in the discussion and you can get on the spot clarifications.
A brief sprint planning session in which the backlog items for the sprint will be defined.
A brief sprint retrospective, at which all team members reflect about the past sprint. This happens at the end of each sprint. The team members retrospects the performance of the team - issues faced in the current sprint - improvements needed and all. This retrospective meeting is very important as the minutes of this meeting can be considered for planning the next sprint
Currently we are following Scrum in our projects - and we are able to get a shippable product by the end of every SPRINT
XP - Extreme Programming:
This is another agile development method that is mostly being used in conjunction with SCRUM. This method talks about the implementing best practices in the development cycles.
A product backlog of prioritized work to be done; It is a set of requirements that you would implement in your product
Completion of a fixed set of backlog items in a series of short iterations or sprints; - Sometimes you call it as a sprint backlog - you will identify a set of requirements that you implement in a perticular sprint.
A brief daily meeting or scrum, at which progress is explained, upcoming work is described and impediments are raised. - This is a all hands meeting. You will have the architect, developers, testers and the scrum master sitting in the same room and discussiing about the progress and the issues. The best part is - every one is involved in the discussion and you can get on the spot clarifications.
A brief sprint planning session in which the backlog items for the sprint will be defined.
A brief sprint retrospective, at which all team members reflect about the past sprint. This happens at the end of each sprint. The team members retrospects the performance of the team - issues faced in the current sprint - improvements needed and all. This retrospective meeting is very important as the minutes of this meeting can be considered for planning the next sprint
Currently we are following Scrum in our projects - and we are able to get a shippable product by the end of every SPRINT
XP - Extreme Programming:
This is another agile development method that is mostly being used in conjunction with SCRUM. This method talks about the implementing best practices in the development cycles.
What is Testing Methodology?
Test methodology is the technical way about how to test a software. Typically, people refer to black-box and white-box for methodologies.
Black-box Testing is mainly testing at system-level, as customers may use the software. Often, it is pretty-much same as system-test. It is the most-common way of testing a product/software when it has end-users; but it may not be applicable when the software is not intended for end-uses, like API.
White-box testing is mainly testing the software as th testers know the detailed logics/codes about the software. It test the internal logics, conditions, operations of the code. It is typically used for unit/functional testing and also for software that has no end-users (like APIs).
Black-box Testing is mainly testing at system-level, as customers may use the software. Often, it is pretty-much same as system-test. It is the most-common way of testing a product/software when it has end-users; but it may not be applicable when the software is not intended for end-uses, like API.
White-box testing is mainly testing the software as th testers know the detailed logics/codes about the software. It test the internal logics, conditions, operations of the code. It is typically used for unit/functional testing and also for software that has no end-users (like APIs).
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